background: toxoplasma gondii infects a wide range of animals; felines are definitive hosts and other animals including the dogs are intermediate hosts. the aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of t. gondii infection in dogs in tehran, capital of iran and to investigate possi­ble associated risk factors. m ethods: three hundreds ninety six serum samples were collected during 20...

Photodissociation of isobutyraldehyde (C3H7CHO) at 248 nm is investigated using time-resolved Fourier-transform infrared emission spectroscopy to demonstrate the growing importance of the roaming pathway with increasing molecular size of aliphatic aldehydes. Each acquired CO rotational distribution from v = 1 to 4 is well characterized by a single Boltzmann rotational temperature from 637 to 75...

In secure roaming service, the foreign server must authenticate the roaming user, who originally subscribed to the home server. Hence, an authentication mechanism is currently important requirement for providing secure roaming services and protects the location privacy of users on unidentified authentication. The unidentified authentication will process without participating the home server on ...

In terms of convenience requirements, mobile communications have become one of the most important roaming services for wireless environments. Especially, how to prevent unauthorized users from illegitimate accesses in mobile communication systems has become an important issue. Password authentication with smart card is one of the mechanisms that were widely used to authenticate the validity of ...

Mobility management, integration and interworking of existing wireless systems are important factors to obtain seamless roaming and services continuity in next generation or 4G wireless networks (NGWN/4G). Although, several IPv6-based mobility protocols as well as interworking architectures have been proposed in the literature, they cannot guarantee seamless roaming, especially for real-time ap...

This paper proposes novel concepts and architectures for location-aware seamless authentication and roaming in the new interworking system between third-generation (3G) mobile networks and wireless local area networks (WLANs) where local mobility movements (micromobility) are handled together with global movements (macro-mobility). We introduce location as a key context in secure roaming mechan...

We employ a choice experiment in order to estimate consumers’ willingness to pay for improvements in mobile services, focusing on 4G upgrades and roaming services. The attributes of an improved mobile service that we investigate in our experiment are: increased mobile internet speed (possible with 4G), unlimited mobile internet use, improved quality (possible with 4G) and unrestrained use in tw...

Free-roaming domestic cats (i.e., that are owned or unowned and considered ‘at large’) globally distributed non-native species have marked impacts on biodiversity human health. Despite clear scientific evidence of these impacts, free-roaming either unmanaged managed using scientifically unsupported ineffective approaches (e.g., trap-neuter-release [TNR]) in many jurisdictions around the world. ...