Bridge structures are vital for majority of Sudanese due to the fact that they live besides rivers, valleys and inside islands. construction is faced by it extremely expensive. Cost such affected load which accordingly dictates required dead Loads from both superstructure substructure. In this analytical study a light bridge derived making use AASHTO principles. This practical data collected se...

The world is facing a more water constrained future as a result of urbanisation, population growth, industrialisation and the emergence of climate change. This has direct impacts on the resilience and performance of the energy and food industries, as water plays a key role in electricity generation processes and agriculture production. Water, energy and food dependencies are more evident in tra...

Declining gauging infrastructure and fractious water politics have decreased available information about river flows globally. Remote sensing and water balance modeling are frequently cited as potential solutions, but these techniques largely rely on these same in-decline gauge data to make accurate discharge estimates. A different approach is therefore needed, and we here combine remotely sens...

A combined strontium isotopic (*'^Sr/^*Sr) and paleontológica! metliod is newly applied to a modem lagoon in Egypt's Nile River delta to test its applicability as a paleosalinity proxy. Analyses of 22 surficial samples collected throughout the lagoon include 81 Sr isotopic analyses of mollusks, foraminifera, ostracods, barnacles, bryozoans, serpulid worm tubes, pore water, and gypsum crystals. ...

The structure of a river network may be seen as a discrete set of nested subnetworks built out of individual stream segments. These network components are assigned an integral stream order via a hierarchical and discrete ordering method. Exponential relationships, known as Horton's laws, between stream order and ensemble-averaged quantities pertaining to network components are observed. We exte...

A comparative study was conducted in this work in order to investigate the current situation in the Nile river basin (NRB) regarding the institutional and legal arrangements needed to support the adaptive integrated water resources management (AIWRM) strategy. Two similar river basins were selected to achieve this comparison and to introduce suggestions to reform the current situation in the ba...

Nile blue-Chitosan NB-CH as a new type of organic days-organic composite was made using Nile blue and chitosan. The NB-CH composite was made using a 0.005 M solution of Nile blue NB and a 7 solution of chitosan. To do this, a mixture of Nile blue and Chitosan with the ratio of 2:1 was prepared. The electrocatalytic oxidation of uric acid UA has been studied on glassy carbon electrode by NB-CH u...