The experiment was carried out in a factorial arrangement with the base of randomized complete block design in three repetitions. The first factor consisted of 11 bed for eating worm and the second factor is the different seasons (spring and autumn) respectively. Traits was including number of capsules (Coconut), the number of adult worms, the number of immature worms, live worms masses (mg), m...

We consider two operations on an edge of an embedded graph (or equivalently a ribbon graph): giving a half-twist to the edge, and taking the partial dual with respect to the edge. These two operations give rise to an action of S3 |E(G)|, the ribbon group, on G. The action of the ribbon group on embedded graphs extends the concepts of duality, partial duality, and Petrie duality. We show that th...

Synaptic ribbons are presynaptic protein structures found at many synapses that convey graded, "analog" sensory signals in the visual, auditory, and vestibular pathways. Ribbons, typically anchored to the presynaptic membrane and surrounded by tethered synaptic vesicles, are thought to regulate or facilitate vesicle delivery to the presynaptic membrane. No direct evidence exists, however, to in...

The goal of this study was to evaluate the mechanisms underlying Vernier acuity, over a range of spatial scales using narrow-band Vernier stimuli and oblique masking. Specifically, the test stimuli consisted of a pair of vertical ribbons of horizontal cosine grating with a vertical Vernier offset between the ribbons. These stimuli have two important advantages for studying Vernier acuity: (1) t...