Remarkably little is known about nitrogenous excretion in freshwater invertebrates. In the current study, the nitrogen excretion mechanism in the carnivorous ribbon leech, Nephelopsis obscura, was investigated. Excretion experiments showed that the ribbon leech is ammonotelic, excreting 166.0 ± 8.6 nmol·grams fresh weight (gFW)(-1)·h(-1) ammonia and 14.7 ± 1.9 nmol·gFW(-1)·h(-1) urea. Exposure ...

Branchial ammonia transport in freshwater teleosts is not well understood. Most studies conclude that NH(3) diffuses out of the gill and becomes protonated to NH(4)(+) in an acidified gill boundary layer. Rhesus (Rh) proteins are new members of the ammonia transporter superfamily and rainbow trout possess genes encoding for Rh30-like1 and Rhcg2. We identified seven additional full-length trout ...

Rhesus (Rh) glycoproteins are ammonia gas (NH(3)) channels known to be involved in ammonia transport in animals. Because of the different osmoregulatory and ionoregulatory challenges faced by teleost fishes in marine and freshwater (FW) environments, we hypothesized that ammonia excretion strategies would differ between environments. Also, we hypothesized that cutaneous NH(3) volatilization in ...

Proteins of the conserved Mep-Amt-Rh family, including mammalian Rhesus factors, mediate transmembrane ammonium transport. Ammonium is an important nitrogen source for the biosynthesis of amino acids but is also a metabolic waste product. Its disposal in urine plays a critical role in the regulation of the acid/base homeostasis, especially with an acid diet, a trait of Western countries. Ammoni...

h is the most well-recognized blood group system after ABO, probably because of the dramatic presentation of a fetus suffering hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) following maternal alloimmunization to the D antigen. Even individuals not associated with medicine have heard of the “Rh factor” and are aware that it has some importance in pregnancy. The earliest recorded description of the synd...

Background: Intraocular foreign bodies (IOFBs) such as air gun pellet is a rare finding in wild animals like Rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta). The purpose of the present scientific report is to describe the surgical retrieval of IOFB secondary to ballistic wound in a wild Rhesus macaque. Case description: A juvenile female wild Rhesus macaque was brought with the history of swollen and inflamed ...