this islamic rule is one of the most important rules in order to protect legal system and prevent it from disorder in social human life. the meaning of this rule is that, there is no law devised that violates the order of human life. the most important evidences for the validity of this rule are islamic tradition and wisdom. this article shows the status of this subject in purposive and governm...

Suppose R is a Bezout domain. In this paper, some necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of the group inverse for square matrix over R are given, the conditions for the existence of the group inverse of products of matrices are studied, and the equivalent conditions for reverse order law of group inverse of product of matrices are obtained. Also the existence and the representati...

We introduce some new algebraic and topological properties of the Minkowski inverse A([Symbol: see text) of an arbitrary matrix A[Symbol: see text] M m,n (including singular and rectangular) in a Minkowski space μ. Furthermore, we show that the Minkowski inverse A ([Symbol: see text]) in a Minkowski space and the Moore-Penrose inverse A(+) in a Hilbert space are different in many properties suc...

In part I of this two-part work, certain minimization problems based on a parametric family of relative entropies (denoted Iα) were studied. Such minimizers were called forward Iα-projections. Here, a complementary class of minimization problems leading to the so-called reverse Iα-projections are studied. Reverse Iα-projections, particularly on log-convex or power-law families, are of interest ...

Twenty years ago, IBM Corp. was the most vigorous advocate of (very) “strong” intellectual property (IP) rights for computer programs. Without strong copyright protection for programs, IBM contended, there would be insufficient incentives for firms to invest in software development. IBM’s executives and lawyers asserted that (1) copyright law protected program code from copying and redistributi...