Abstract The phenomenon of weakness will – not doing what we perceive as the best action is recognized by neoclassical economics due to axiomatic assumptions revealed preference theory (RPT) that people do for them. However, present bias shows have different preferences over time. As they cannot be compared utility measurements, economists need normatively decide between selves (short- versus l...

Revealed preference is one of the most influential ideas in economics. It is, however, not clear how it can be generally applied cases where agents’ choices depend on arbitrary changes decision environment. In this paper, we propose a generalization classic rational choice theory that allows for such framing effects. Frames are modeled as different presentations (e.g., visual or conceptual) alt...

In order to estimate the relationship between forage quality and preference value of plant species for Raini goats(Capra aegagrus hircus), a field study was carried out on Raini goats’ grazing behavior in some desert habitats.Crude protein (as the most important factor affecting forage quality) of all plant species was measured at twophenological stages (spring and summer, 2010) in the dry rang...