We used supernetworks with datasets of nuclear gene sequences and novel markers detecting retrotransposon insertions in ribosomal DNA loci to reassess the evolutionary relationships among tetraploid wheats. We show that domesticated emmer has a reticulated genetic ancestry, sharing phylogenetic signals with wild populations from all parts of the wild range. The extent of the genetic reticulatio...

Reticulate, or non-bifurcating, evolution is now recognized as an important phenomenon shaping the histories of many organisms. It appears to be particularly common in plants, especially in ferns, which have relatively few barriers to intra- and interspecific hybridization. Reticulate evolutionary patterns have been recognized in many fern groups, though very few have been studied rigorously us...

Heteroresistance in Cryptococcus neoformans is an intrinsic adaptive resistance to azoles and the heteroresistant phenotype is associated with disomic chromosomes. Two chromosome 1 (Chr1) genes, ERG11, the fluconazole target, and AFR1, a drug transporter, were reported as major factors in the emergence of Chr1 disomy. In the present study, we show Chr4 to be the second most frequently formed di...

Molecular phylogenetics has long been a well-established field of scientific research where the structure of the phylogenetic tree has been analysed to know about the evolutionary process of the organism. In biology, leaf-labelled trees are widely used to describe the evolutionary relationships. In this setting, the leaves of the tree correspond to extant species, and the internal vertices repr...

In a previous communication (King and Nagelschmidt, 1945), analytical data were given for the amount and composition of the dust found in the lungs of 54 coalworkers from South Wales. Coal, total silica, quartz, mica, and kaolin were determined as the percentages of dried lung tissue, and the results were related to type of work and degree of pathology. The main findings were the following: (1)...

A number of mutants have been described in Arabidopsis, whose leaf vascular network can be clearly distinguished as a green reticulation on a paler lamina. One of these reticulate mutants was named reticulata (re) by Rédei in 1964 and has been used for years as a classical genetic marker for linkage analysis. Seven recessive alleles of the RE gene were studied, at least four of which seem to be...

Species delimitation of geographically isolated forms is a long-standing problem in less studied insect groups. Often taxonomic decisions are based directly on morphologic variation, and lack a discussion regarding sample size and the efficiency of migration barriers or dispersal/migration capacity of the studied species. These problems are here exemplified in a water beetle complex from the Be...

The mathematical analysis of random phylogenetic networks via analytic and algorithmic methods has received increasing attention in the past years. In present work we introduce branching process to their study. This approach appears be new this context. Our main results focus on level-k with n labeled leaves. Although number reticulation vertices such is typically linear n, prove that asymptoti...