Abstract. This study provides first estimates of the water transport timescale for five lakes located in Larsemann Hills oasis (69∘23′ S, 76∘20′ E) East Antarctica. We estimated lake retention time (LRT) as a ratio volume to inflow and outflow terms balance equation. The LRT was evaluated epiglacial landlocked types, it assumed that these are monomictic, with exchange occurring during warm seas...

In many countries, grade retention is viewed as a useful tool for helping students who fall behind in their achievement. We show how the effect of grade retention varies by abilities, by timing of retention and as time since retention elapses. While existing studies of grade retention also recognize the importance of studying variation by abilities and timing, the existing methods are not well-...

Abstract In this study the wastewater treatment of a gas refinery was investigated by using an aerobic trickle bed filter bioreactor. Using a methanothrophic bacterium was the only difference of this experiment from the common aerobic wastewater treatment processes. In addition to reach the standards of wastewater treatments the other goal of using this special bacterium was the productio...

Background: Highly-concentrated phosphate and nitrate anions from sugarcane wastewater are often discharged into public waters without standardized treatments. This study assessed the effects of electrical coagulation, initial pH and reaction time in the removal of phosphate and nitrate pollutants. Methods: We used aluminum electrodes to remove the pollutants at Hakhim Farabi Agricultural and ...

Soil and aquifer materials have a finite capacity for colloid retention. Blocking of the limited number of available retention sites further decreases the rate of retention with time and enhances risks (e.g., pathogens or colloid-associated contaminants) or benefits (e.g., remediation by microorganisms or nanoparticles) of colloid migration. Our objective was to use a straightforward procedure,...

objective(s): due to the prevalence and pervasiveness of stress in modern life and exposure to both chronic and acute stresses, it is not clear whether prior exposure to chronic stress can influence the impairing effects of acute stress on memory retrieval. this issue was tested in this study. materials and methods: adult male wistar rats were randomly assigned to the following groups: control,...