antimicrobial synergism with streptomycin (SM) against Escherichia coli. On the course of those experiments, a peculiar suppression of SM by a low concentration of hlTC was observed, besides the antibacterial synergism of hlTC with SM. Further, bactericidal actiyity of SM in physiological saline was reduced by addition of hlTC. Time course experiments proyed that the antagonistic effect of hlTC...

Various concepts of interaction are reconsidered in light of a sufficient-component-cause framework. Conditions and statistical tests are derived for the presence of synergism within sufficient causes. The conditions derived are sufficient but not necessary for the presence of synergism. In the context of monotonic effects, the conditions derived are closely related to effect modification on th...

Introduction: Recent epidemiological studies show that episodes due to non-albicans species of Candida (C) such as Candida tropicalis, C. glabrata, C, krusei, C. parapsilosis appear to be increasing in recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC). Increased use of the current antifungal drugs cause drug resistance among Candida species. In order to gain suitable antifungal therapy for this disease...

Although synergism between pesticides has been widely documented, the physiological mechanisms by which an insecticide synergizes another remains unclear. Toxicological and electrophysiological studies were carried out on two susceptible pest species (the mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus and the cockroach Periplaneta americana) to understand better the physiological process involved in pyrethroi...

PURPOSE To determine whether single nonpigmented ciliary body cells contain the signaling mechanism to produce synergistic drug-activated increases in Ca2+, or whether these responses are produced cooperatively by interaction among groups of cells. METHODS Suspensions of single nonpigmented cells were plated onto soft collagen gels. Fura-2 fluorescence ratio imaging was used to examine recept...

In this paper neuro-fuzzy synergism is applied to implement content sequencing in adaptive hypermedia systems. The level of understanding of the learner is used to construct lessons adapted to the learner’s knowledge goals and level of expertise on the domain concepts s/he has already studied. The learner’s evaluation is based on defining appropriate fuzzy sets and relate learner’s response wit...

OBJECTIVE To review possible associations reported between genetic variants and the risk, therapeutic response and prognosis of heart failure. METHODS Electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science and CNKI) were systematically searched for relevant papers, published between January 1995 and February 2015. RESULTS Eighty-two articles covering 29 genes and 39 polymorphisms were identified. C...

The antipsychotic drug prochlorperazine was screened in vitro for possible antimicrobial property against 157 strains of bacteria, belonging to gram positive and gram negative genera. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of prochlorperazine was determined by agar dilution method, which ranged from 25 to 200 microg/ml with respect to most of the strains. Based on such findings, a further s...

OBJECTIVES The uncommon fungal pathogen Trichoderma shows increasing medical importance particularly in immunocompromised patients. Despite systemic antifungal therapy, prognosis of Trichoderma infection is poor regardless of the type of infection and the therapy used. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro activity and synergism of double antifungal combinations including am...

Clinical isolates of enterococci (Streptococcus faecalis) with high-level resistance to both streptomycin and kanamycin (minimal inhibitory concentration >2,000 mug/ml), and resistant to synergism with penicillin and streptomycin or kanamycin were examined for aminoglycoside-inactivating enzymes. All of the 10 strains studied had streptomycin adenylyltransferase and neomycin phosphotransferase ...