Many exogenous factors (temperature, salinity, pH, light, oxygen tension, turbidity etc.) affect the rate of oxygen consumption in bivalve molluscs (Bayne, 1976; Samant and Agrawal, 1978). Most of the vital activities in bivalves are regulated by neuroendocrine centers. The respiratory rate data of the animals reflect their general metabolic rate. The existence of neuroendocrine modulations of ...

Mitochondrial respiratory chain dysfunction causes a variety of life-threatening diseases affecting about 1 in 4300 adults. These diseases are genetically heterogeneous, but have the same outcome; reduced activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes causing decreased ATP production and potentially toxic accumulation of metabolites. Severity and tissue specificity of these effects varie...