chylothorax is an unusual cause of pleural effusion after the neonatal period in children without a previous history of cardiothoracic surgery. determination of the causes of this condition can be often challenging. herein, we present a case of a 6-month-old male infant, presenting with sudden severe breathlessness, which was later diagnosed as spontaneous left-sided chylothorax.

Increasing evidence has demonstrated that lung fluid absorption disorders might be an important cause of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) by influencing gas exchange or surfactant function. The SCNN1A gene, which encodes the α-ENaC, might predispose infants to RDS. To explore whether the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of SCNN1A are associated with RDS, we conducted a case-co...

Aortopulmonary pressure difference and pulmonary blood flow velocity were studied during the first 48 hours of life in 12 premature neonates with severe respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), treated by natural surfactant, and in 25 premature neonates with mild RDS. A non-invasive Doppler ultrasound method was used to estimate aortopulmonary pressure difference and pulmonary blood flow velocity f...

OBJECTIVE To explore birth rate, delivery mode, medical problems, requirement of respiratory support, and acute outcomes of late preterm infants in Zhejiang province in eastern China. METHODS Eleven tertiary hospitals were recruited. Clinical data of every nursery admission from January to December 2007 were collected and analyzed. RESULTS During the study period, 44,362 infants were born w...

Fetal lung maturity assessment in twin pregnancy has been discussed, but is still controversial. The purpose of this study is to predict the occurrence of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) using lamellar body count (LBC) and analyze the validity of LBC for fetal lung maturity assessment in twin pregnancy. Three-hundred two amniotic fluid samples were obtained at cesarean section from 29 to 38...

The efficacy of surfactant preparations used in the prevention and treatment of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a well known fact; however, many controversies remain. The debate over which surfactant to be used, when and what is the best mode of delivery is still raging. Currently, animal-derived surfactants are preferred and clearly recommended by various practice guidelines, but new sy...

Surfactant replacement therapy (SRT) has long become the standard of care in treatment neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), significantly decreasing acute pulmonary morbidity and mortality preterm infants. For decades, this beneficial been administered via endotracheal tube. Despite improving outcome RDS, however, burden bronchopulmonary dysplasia remains, particular, very immature Ack...

Background: Humidified heated high flow nasal cannula (HHHFNC), nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP), and nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) are three nasal non-invasive ventilation methods. The purpose of this study was to compare these three methods in decreasing intubation and mechanical ventilation rate in preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrom...

Despite recent advances in the perinatal management of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), controversies still exist. We report the recommendations of a European panel of expert neonatologists who developed consensus guidelines after critical examination of the most up-to-date evidence in 2007. Strong evidence exists for the role of antenatal steroids in RDS prevention, but it is not ...

Background: Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality, affecting approximately 1% all live births 10% preterm infants. Lamellar bodies represent storage form pulmonary surfactant within Type II pneumocytes, secretion which increases with advancing gestational age, thus enabling prediction the degree FLM. Preterm premature rupture membranes (PPROM) ...