the side effects of three pesticides, hexaflumuron, pymetrozin and spirodiclofen and four plant extractions including, calotropis procera (willd.) r. br. (asclepiadaceae), teucrium polium (labiatae), fumaria parviflora lam. (fumariaceae) and thymus vulgaris l. (labiatae) were evaluated on survival rate and reproductive parameters of chrysoperla carnea (stephens) at 26±1oc, 60±5% rh and 16:8 (l:...

Tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is one of the most destructive pests of tomato in many parts of the world including Iran. The toxicity of emamectin benzoate alone and combined with acetamiprid, eforia (thiamethoxam + lambda-cyhalotrin) and hexaflumuron was evaluated against 2nd instar larvae of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) under 25 ± 1 °C, the relative humidity of ...

Azadirachtin, a biorational insecticide, known to be an antagonist of the juvenile hormone and 20 hydroxyecdysone (20E), has been used successfully against insect pests; however, its effects on nontarget organisms remain contradictory. The current study examined the lethal and sublethal effects of azadirachtin on Drosophila melanogaster Meigen, 1830 (Diptera: Drosophilidae) as biological model....

Sogatella furcifera(Horvath) is an important rice pest with the wing dimorphism, including macropterous and brachypterous morphs. The protein expression profiles in two wing-type adults and two wing-type disc fifth-instar nymphs were analyzed using two-dimensional gel protein electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. In adults and fifth-instar nymphs, 127 and 162 protein spots were detected, respe...

Digestive enzymatic activity and nutritional responses of Autographa gamma (L.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), an important insect pest of sugar beet, on nine sugar beet cultivars (Peritra, Karolina, Paolita, Lenzier, Tiller, Ardabili, Persia, Rozier, and Dorothea) were studied. The highest proteolytic activity of fourth and fifth instar of A. gamma was in larvae fed on cultivar Persia. The highest ...

To evaluate the importance of non-consumptive effects of predators on prey life histories under natural conditions, an index of predator abundance was developed for naturally occurring populations of a common prey fish, the yellow perch Perca flavescens, and compared to life-history variables and rates of prey energy acquisition and allocation as estimated from mass balance models. The predatio...

Nest predation is the principal cause of mortaliv for many grassland birds. Predation rates may be higher on prairie dog colonies because they may have less available nesting cover and may increase predator abundance. We compared 14-day nest predation rates for 1,764 artificial nests on 102 black-tailed prairie dog (Cynovnys ludovicianus) colonies and their paired off-colony sites (similar habi...