We consider the problem of finding a trellis for a finear block code that minimizes one or more measures of trellis complexity. The domain of optimization may be different permutations of the same code or different codes with the same parameters. Constraints on trellises, including relationships between the minimal trellis of a code and that of the dual code, are used to derive bounds on comple...

crop residue is a non-chemical method of weed control in agricultural sustainable systems. this research was conducted at the alarogh site of ardabilto evaluate the effect of integrated use of mulch and herbicide on weed emergence and growth in potato in 2007. treatments were four levels herbicide including: (1) paraquat [n,n'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium dichloride] herbicide as pre-pl...

Dimethachlor is an herbicide used for oilseed rape protection. Previous studies have demonstrated its high mobility in the soil, which could lead to water contamination. This research aimed determine occurrence of dimethachlor and metabolites (dimethachlor ethanesulfonic acid ESA oxalamic OA) surface using a recently developed analytical method. article one first document metabolites’ presence ...

Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes are widely used in communications due to their excellent practical performance. Error probability of LDPC code under iterative decoding on the binary erasure channel is determined by a class of combinatorial objects, called stopping sets. Stopping sets of small size are the reason for the decoder failures. Stopping redundancy is defined as the minimum numbe...

the seedbed preparation and cereal residue present due to limit of maize (zea mays l.) growing period are a major challenge in double cropping after winter cereals in iran as: shahrekord. in this research, effects of various seedbed preparation methods and crop residuea managements on vegetative growth and yield of forage maize (ksc 704) were studied in a barley-maize double cropping during 200...

the purpose of this study is the utilization of furfural residue for heating energy and activated carbon production. to evaluate the energy production of the residue, bulk density, melting point, and heating value were measured. furthermore, moisture, ash, volatile compounds, fixed carbon, lignin, and elements were determined. ash and volatile content average were measured at 15.4% and 68.9%, r...

A series of hydrogels as biosorbents to remove heavy metal ions (Pb2+, Cu2+, and Cd2+) were prepared using Radix Isatidis residues material grafted with acrylic acid acrylamide. The surfaces residue/acrylic acid-co-acrylamide (RIR/AA-co-AM), residue/polyacrylamide (RIR/PAM3), residue/polyacrylic (RIR/PAA4) have a sponge-like, three-dimensional, highly microporous structure. all considerable swe...