Distributed multimedia applications with quality of service requirements that must be guaranteed by the underlying network are evolving at a fast pace. Resource reservation protocols are essential to enable efficient resource management in internetworks. We survey existing resource reservation protocols and the reservation styles they support. Current protocols do not permit different reservati...

In this paper we discuss the need for resource reservation in the Internet and examine some of the strengths and weaknesses of RSVP, which is currently the most popular of Internet reservation protocols that have been developed. We also discuss some alternative reservation protocols for packet networks, in particular the ATM Block Transfer(ABT) reservation protocol that has been designed for us...

As an effective technique for QoS provision, reservation service has been widely applied in various grids. However, plenty of studies have shown that reservation service will bring about many negative effects on system performance, i.e. higher rejection rate and lower resource utilization. To mitigate these negative effects, a relaxed reservation policy is proposed in this paper. It allows grid...

– Consider a labor market where the parties are able to write contracts contingent on the state of demand and productivity. If it is realistically assumed that the workers differ wrt. their reservation wages, then it becomes a natural presumption that firms on the market will offer several alternative contracts instead of just one and let workers choose between them. This may give a gain from w...

In the paper, author analyzes subject matter of contract for provision services to maintain reserve heat capacity. The notes that capacity is almost only in field supply, definition which not legislation. At same time, this problem covered legal literature. To disclose under study, refers such categories as «power», «heat capacity», «reservation (booking)", «reserve capacity». paper presents pr...

Much work has been done on establishing resource reservations over the Internet 3, 2, 8], but almost all of this work has consisted of establishing a reservation that begins immediately and has indeenite duration. An important issue is how to request an advance reservation, a reservation made now for resources that are to be reserved in the future. In this paper, we propose an architecture for ...

Europe’s labor is not competitiveness taking unemployment as the relevant indicator. The paper looks at other indicators such as job creation, productivity and unit labor costs and skills. It analyzes the reasons for the lack of competitiveness including a low degree of wage differentiation, the impact of the welfare state on the reservation wage and high labor costs to finance the social secur...

In this paper we derive a model for the joint endogeneity of centrally contracted wages and wage drift in which central union attempts to reduce wage dispersion plays a pivotal role. Empirical results demonstrate that union efforts to level wage differentials exerted large positive effects on both centrally negotiated wage changes and wage drift. We also show that wage drift was accurately pred...