Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by gradual cognitive decline, impairments in speech and language, and dysfunction in the sensorimotor systems, culminating in complete reliance on nursing care. Oxidative stress, caused by an imbalance in the pro-oxidant/antioxidant mechanisms in the body, has been implicated in AD pathogenesis, as in many other age-associate...

For some time behavioural and ecological studies have suggested that sex steroid hormones regulate several immune processes in fish. For example, the immunocompetence handicap hypothesis relates the heritability of parasite resistance with secondary sexual ornaments, which are determined and maintained by androgens. Such ornaments are probably a good indicator to potential mates of genetic resi...

Sex steroid hormones play important physiological roles in reproductive and nonreproductive tissues, including immune cells. These hormones exert their functions by binding to either specific intracellular receptors that act as ligand-dependent transcription factors or membrane receptors that stimulate several signal transduction pathways. The elevated susceptibility of males to bacterial infec...

Emus (Dromaius novaehollandiae) are flightless birds that belong to the order ratite. They not only seasonal breeders but also monogamous. It is important understand reproductive cycle and hormones regulate their patterns of emus control breeding activity emu when reared under farmed conditions. Hence, an attempt was made study hormonal profile during pre-breeding, post seasons. Blood samples w...