BackgroundRecent evidence suggests that brain activity following the offset of a stimulus during encoding contributes to long-term memory formation, however exact mechanisms underlying offset-related are still unclear.ObjectivesHere, in three repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation studies (rTMS) we investigated left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC). rTMS was administered at differe...

We conducted a systematic review of studies using non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS: repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)) as a research and clinical tool aimed at improving motor and functional recovery or spasticity in patients following spinal cord injury (SCI) under the assumption that if the residual corticospinal circuit...

OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) on picture naming in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD). DESIGN Experimental study. Patients with AD underwent rTMS in real and control conditions during picture-naming tasks. SETTING San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli Scientific Institute in Brescia, Italy...

Experiments in rodents have elucidated some of the molecular mechanisms underlying repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). These studies may be useful in a translational perspective so that future TMS studies in rodents can closely match human TMS protocols designed for therapeutic purposes. In the present work we will review the effects of rTMS on glutamate neurotransmission which...

The authors critically reviewed experiments in which transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and repetitive TMS (rTMS) of the higher visual pathway were used. Topics include basic mechanisms of neural excitation by TMS and their relevance to the visual pathway (excitatory and inhibitory effects), TMS and rTMS of calcarine cortex (suppression, unmasking, and phosphenes), TMS of V5 (suppression),...

The use of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in patients with a drug-resistant depressive episode is associated high variability its effect, which determines the relevance search for predictive biomarkers effect. Objective: to neuroimaging clinical effectiveness navigational rTMS episode. Patients and methods. study included 30 drug resistant who underwent 20 se...

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and repetitive TMS (rTMS) are indirect and non-invasive methods used to induce excitability changes in the motor cortex via a wire coil generating a magnetic field that passes through the scalp. Today, TMS has become a key method to investigate brain functioning in humans. Moreover, because rTMS can lead to long-lasting after-effects in the brain, it is t...

Functional imaging studies with nonfluent aphasia patients have observed "over-activation" in right (R) language homologues. This may represent a maladaptive strategy; suppression may result in language improvement. We applied slow, 1 Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to an anterior portion of R Broca's homologue daily, for 10 days in four aphasia patients who were 5-11 yea...

OBJECTIVE The efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the right prefrontal cortex for patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) was studied under double-blind, placebo-controlled conditions. METHOD Patients were randomly assigned to 18 sessions of real (N=10) or sham (N=8) rTMS. Treatments lasted 20 minutes, and the frequency was 1 Hz for both conditions, bu...

Low frequency (≤ 1 Hz) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can affect the excitability of the cerebral cortex and synaptic plasticity. Although this is a common method for clinical treatment of cerebral infarction, whether it promotes the recovery of motor function remains controversial. Twenty patients with cerebral infarction combined with hemiparalysis were equally and random...