The objective of this study was to investigate the contribution of ethnicity (African American vs European/other ancestry), family religious affiliation, religious involvement, and religious values, to risk of alcohol and cigarette use in adolescent girls; and to estimate genetic and shared environmental effects on religious involvement and values. Telephone interviews were conducted with a sam...

Bangladesh hosts religious minorities that reflect the diverse faith traditions that have been influential in the historical region of Bengal over the millennia. Hindus, at 9.1 percent of the national population, are Bangladesh’s largest religious minority, though the Hindu population has declined significantly over the past 60 years since Partition (see figure 4). Buddhist communities, concent...

The research aims to determine the religious moderation of Islamic education (PAI) teachers towards minority schools thought. Quantitative methods, data collection techniques with questionnaires, and analysis are descriptive-analytic percentages (%). Three aspects examined: views on majority Muslims, Shia Islam, Ahmadiyya, each netted seven items (total 21 items). All have high validity (minimu...

Germans of Odessa: From a Privileged Status to HumiliationThis article presents the history German minority in Ukrainian city Odessa from beginning 18th century till present times. An important aspect this work is show two dimensions colonization territories which were concurrently inhabited by representatives intelligentsia and entrepreneurs cities, as well peasants country. As shows, Ukraine ...

In Israel, several hundred thousand citizens form a minority group that wishes to be acknowledged as Jewish by the state authorities. Most of them immigrated from former Soviet Union and cannot provide sufficient evidence their maternal ancestors’ affiliation with community. This has direct impact on civil rights. Based scientific research article matrilineal genetic markers among Eastern Centr...

Introduction: The Kalash are the only non-Muslim ethnic group living in three small and beautiful valleys of district Chitral. They are the last tribe of the Kafirs of the Hindu Kush. The Kalash exhibit, perhaps, one of the ancient and unique primitive traditions and cultures. They are living with the Muslims in this region for a long period of time, and had been under Muslim rule most of this ...