Short-circuit calculations are extremely important in the application and setting of protective relays and the analysis of power system operations. This paper illustrates the calculation of fault currents and voltages during intermediate faults in underground cables, taking into consideration the cable sheath bonding and grounding method. The compensated ground loop impedance for faults along t...

To meet the increased customer demands, microgrid evolved. The structure of changes dynamically due to intermittent nature renewable-based generation, status distributed generator and opening breakers for fault/maintenance. Hence, magnitude fault current is dynamic in nature. In order deal with these changes, this paper addresses an adaptive central controller-based protection relay coordinatio...

The present <span lang="EN-US">study is focussed on a comparative analysis of different meta-heuristic optimization approaches for directional overcurrent relay (DOCRs) coordination which has been discussed and presented in the literature. Further, to have performance methods they tested power system network sizes. To overcome such issues, this work proposed simplex linear programming tec...

This research embodies the design, construction and simulation of a feeder pillar (415VAC) with over-current, overload and earth-fault protection with the aid of a phase sequence relay, contactor, earth-leakage circuit breaker and three-phase overload relay. The analog voltmeters in the various bus-bars (red, yellow and blue phases) in a conventional feeder pillar is replaced with a digital pan...

Distributed Generation (DG) is the production of electricity from a variety renewable energy sources that closer to customer and load. The addition distributed generation distribution networks alters characteristics system has an influence on its protection coordination. Relay plays critical function in protecting power various problems. coordination reduces relay operating time avoids failure....

With the rapid development of wind energy, relay protection for large-scale wind farms has been attracting some researchers, due to the absence of standards. Based on the large-scale doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind farms located in Gansu Province, China, this paper studies the differential protection for the outgoing power transformer of large-scale DFIG-based wind farms. Accor...

rotection schemes employing the differential relaying principle exhibit certain limitations in applications with power transformers. This is because the detection of a differential current does not clearly distinquish between internal faults and other possible conditions. Among the phenomena most likely to upset the current balance and cause the relay to malfunction are inrush magnetizing curre...