This study was conducted to explore the changes in soil microbial populations, enzyme activity, and tuber yield under the rotation sequences of Potato-Common vetch (P-C), Potato-Black medic (P-B) and Potato-Longdong alfalfa (P-L) in a semi-arid area of China. The study also determined the effects of continuous potato cropping (without legumes) on the above mentioned soil properties and yield. T...

The Brazilian agro-industrial frontier in Mato Grosso rapidly expanded in total area of mechanized production and in total value of production in the last decade. This article shows the spatial pattern of that expansion from 2000 to 2010, based on novel analyses of satellite imagery. It then explores quantitatively and qualitatively the antecedents and correlates of intensification, the expansi...

Opportunistic relaying scheme is a single cooperative relay selection method based on Channel State Information. However, the failure probability of the best relay selection may become unacceptable when the number of relays increases. Although most of the existing solutions can reduce the failure probability of relay selection, they ignore the fairness of the relay selection. In order to improv...

The common phenomenon of sublethal predation in soft-bottom bivalves usually involves nipping of siphons. Here we show that foot cropping, hitherto documented only in Donax spp., is widespread in the New Zealand cockle Austrovenus stutchburyi (Veneridae). Depending on the locality, cropping frequency ranged between 14 and 34% of cockles, and the average proportion of the foot area cropped range...

The relay channel consists of a transmitter input x1, a relay input x2, a relay output y2 and a receiver output y3. In this report, we combine a degraded semi-deterministic relay channel with a semi-deterministic orthogonal relay channel to obtain a new mixture relay channel. For the new mixture relay channel, a combination of the compress-and-forward strategy and the partial decode-and-forward...

In a relay channel, between the sender X and the the receiver Y lies at least one relay. Generally, the relay can both transmit its own information and help forwarding other sources’ information. This summary considers the latter case, i.e., the relay intends solely to help the receiver. The relay and the transmitter cooperate to resolve the receiver’s uncertainty. Due to the presence of relay,...

Rates of soil erosion in the dryland cropping region of Saskatchewan are investigated under alternative cropping strategies. Chemical fallow is examined as an alternative to tillage fallow for moisture and soil conservation. Conclusions include: (a) flexible cropping increases net discounted returns and substantially reduces soil erosion compared to the predominant crop rotation; (b) chemical f...

This letter introduces a joint design method for uplinkdownlink multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) relay communication systems in which the source nodes transmit information to the destination nodes with the help of a relay. We propose a signal forwarding schceme based on the minimum mean-square error (MMSE) approach in uplink relay systems. Exploiting the duality of relay systems, we also p...

crops every 3 yr) and even continuous (annual) cropping in some instances. For example, annualized grain yields Water is the principle limiting factor in dryland cropping systems. for WCF are 75 to 100% greater than WF (Peterson et Surface soil physical properties influence infiltration and cropping al., 2000). Cropping intensification has been possible systems under no-till management may affe...