School-based physical education (PE) and physical activity (PA) policies can improve PA levels of students and promote health. Studies of policy implementation, communication, monitoring, enforcement, and evaluation are lacking. To describe how states implement, communicate, monitor, enforce, and evaluate key school-based PE and PA policies, researchers interviewed 24 key informants from state-...

for the past fifty years, the iranian cities have witnessed many efforts toward dealing with dilapidated neighborhoods, including urban renewal, urban rehabilitation, reconstruction and regeneration. however, the experiences in this regard have not led to any major achievements. in the cities in the developed countries, public participation is considered as an important element in the plans for...

The Consumer Product Safety Improve­ ment Act (CPSIA), passed by Congress in 2008 in response to widespread recalls of lead­containing toys manufactured in China, imposed new testing and documen­ tation requirements upon manufacturers of juvenile products and gave the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) new enforcement powers to ensure compliance. Six months after the new law was schedule...

Recent reports suggest that many healthcare practitioners express concern about prescribing controlled substances, including opioid analgesics, to patients with chronic pain, especially chronic noncancer pain.[1-4] Two of the primary causes of such concern are the reluctance to contribute to drug abuse, addiction, and diversion,[5-7] and the possibility of being investigated or disciplined by a...