The orexin/hypocretin system is involved in several addiction-related behaviors. In the present experiments, we examined the involvement of orexin in heroin reinforcement and relapse by administering the orexin 1 receptor antagonist SB-334867 prior to heroin self-administration or prior to cue-induced or heroin-induced reinstatement of extinguished heroin seeking in male Sprague Dawley rats. SB...

Various Artificial Intelligence semantics have been developed to predict when an argument can be accepted, depending on the abstract structure of its defeaters and defenders. These semantics can make conflicting predictions, as in the situation known as floating reinstatement. We argue that the debate about which semantics makes the correct prediction can be informed by the collection of experi...

The glutamatergic pathway arising in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) and projecting to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) core is a critical component of the reward circuitry that underlies reinstatement to cocaine-seeking behavior. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is expressed by and modulates PFC-NAc neurons. BDNF infusion into the dmPFC attenuates reinstatement to cocaine-seeking ...

Nicotine addiction leads to in a huge burden on public health and the economy worldwide. Resveratrol (3,5,4’-tetrahydroxystilbene) is most well-known polyphenolic stilbenoid. was shown exhibit positive effects numerous mechanisms that are important for drug substance addiction. Thus, this study aimed examine effect of resveratrol nicotine Intraperitoneal (i.p.) treatment with (0.5 mg/kg) signif...

Anxiety disorders are effectively treated with exposure therapy, but relapse remains high. Fear may reinstate after reoccurrence of the negative event because expectancy aversive outcome (unconditioned stimulus [US]) is adjusted not its evaluation. Imagery rescripting (ImRs) an intervention that proposed to work through revaluation US. The aim our preregistered study was test effects ImRs and e...

Craving for chocolate is a common phenomenon, which may evolve to an addictive-like behaviour and contribute to obesity. Nepicastat is a selective dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH) inhibitor that suppresses cocaine-primed reinstatement of cocaine seeking in rats. We verified whether nepicastat was able to modify the reinforcing and motivational properties of a chocolate solution and to prevent the r...

Exposure to environmental stimuli conditioned to nicotine consumption critically contributes to the high relapse rates of tobacco smoking. Our previous work demonstrated that non-selective blockade of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) reversed the cue-induced reinstatement of nicotine seeking, indicating a role for cholinergic neurotransmission in the mediation of the conditioned incen...