diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent , lipophilic chemicals with different sources, pathways, and patterns of human exposure. Mixtures of PBDEs are present as noncovalently bound flame-retardant additives to synthetic fabrics, foams, or plastics in a variety of consumer products. Two mixtures, the penta-and octa-BDEs, are no longer used. Deca-BDE, the majo...

Scientific evidence plays a crucial role in regulation and law, particularly in the area of environmental health. In the courtroom, science helps judges and juries evaluate the disputed facts, whereas in the regulatory arena, science is a vital foundation for effective government decision making. Scientific research is increasingly conducted by parties who desire to influence litigation or regu...

In order to understand and analyse {\it genetic regulatory networks}, the complex control structures which regulate cellular systems, well supported qualitative formal modelling techniques are required. In this paper we make a case that biological systems with deterministic behaviour can be modelled by speed-independent circuits. We apply techniques from asynchronous circuit design, based on {\...

t regulatory cells play a crucial role in immunological unresponsiveness to self- antigens and in suppressing excessive immune responses deleterious to the host. t regulatory cells are produced in the thymus as a functionally mature subpopulation of t cells. they can be induced from naive t cells in the periphery and express their marker as a forkhead/winged helix transcription factor called fo...

Major US federal regulatory decisions are developed and justified using regulatory impact analyses (RIAs) mandated by executive order. We examine the scientific citation activity in RIAs, a unique effort that we believe holds significant potential for understanding the use of science in policymaking. This paper reports preliminary findings from collecting and examining scientific citations in 1...