While Brazilian municipal solid waste (MSW) is most often being collected and disposed off at “controlled” dumps and landfills, a large amount of refuse still ends up at irregular dumping sites. Unfortunately, there are few cases where waste is processed in a manner that provides additional benefits to local communities, for example, recovering energy from waste. The most common form of energy ...

plastics, one of the most abundant materials in the world today, are one of the main sources of pollution. people’s perception of using and disposing plastic bags is primordial as they tend to be a major part of household solid waste. this study aims to determine community’s perception of usage and disposal of plastic bags in eastern ethiopia. a quantitative cross-sectional study has been condu...

BACKGROUND A significant interest in spatial epidemiology lies in identifying associated risk factors which enhances the risk of infection. Most studies, however, make no, or limited use of the spatial structure of the data, as well as possible nonlinear effects of the risk factors. METHODS We develop a Bayesian Structured Additive Regression model for cholera epidemic data. Model estimation ...

To determine the effectiveness of the Administrative Review as a tool in discerning which patients who refuse medication should be medicated involuntarily; define characteristics of voluntarily and involuntarily committed patients who refuse medication; and compare posttreatment status of patients who successfully refused medication with those who were administered medication involuntarily.

BACKGROUND Cholera has persisted in Ghana since its introduction in the early 70's. From 1999 to 2005, the Ghana Ministry of Health officially reported a total of 26,924 cases and 620 deaths to the WHO. Etiological studies suggest that the natural habitat of V. cholera is the aquatic environment. Its ability to survive within and outside the aquatic environment makes cholera a complex health pr...

Deep sea mining tailings disposal is a new environmental challenge related to water pollution, mineral crust waste handling, and ocean biology. The objective of this paper is to propose a new tailings disposal procedure for the deep sea mining industry. Through comparisons of the tailings disposal methods which exist in on-land mining and the coastal mining fields, a new tailings disposal proce...