The charge-pump circuit is an important component in a phase-locked loop (PLL). The charge-pump converts Up and Down signals from the phase/frequency detector (PFD) into current. A conventional CMOS charge-pump circuit consists of two switched current sources that pump charge into or out of the loop filter according to two logical inputs. The mismatch between the charging current and the discha...

a new output structure for class e power amplifier (pa) is proposed in this paper. a series lc resonator circuit, tuned near the second harmonic of the operating frequency is added to the output circuit. this resonator causes low impedance at the second harmonic. the output circuit is designed to shape the switch voltage of the class e amplifier and lower the voltage stress of the transistor. t...

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nowadays, high-voltage circuit breakers have reached such high short-circuit capabilities that testing them under the full rated voltage is generally not possible with direct tests, and they are conducted by using the synthetic test methods. although the phenomena associated with making tests is of particular importance especially in case of load break switches, but making tests are rather disr...