Reliability allocation has an essential connection to design for reliability and is an important activity in the product design and development process. In determining the reliability of subsystems or components on the basis of goal reliability, attention must be paid to failure effect, failure information, and improvement opportunities based upon real potentials for reliability improvement. In...

biological marker is a term used in many scientific fields and was introduced as a measurable element or a clinical indicator in the abnormal biological processes, pathological condition, or pharmacological intervention. science citation index expanded (sci-e) from database of web of science (wos) was used to extract all publication indexed as a topic of “ biomarkers ” during a period of eleven...

OBJECTIVES To document low/middle-income country (LMIC) health researchers' views about authorship, redundant publication, plagiarism and conflicts of interest and how common poor practice was in their institutions. DESIGN We developed a questionnaire based on scenarios about authorship, redundant publication, plagiarism and conflicts of interest. We asked participants whether the described p...