Under anaerobic conditions, structurally diverse aromatic compounds are catabolized by bacteria to form benzoyl-coenzyme A (benzoyl-CoA), the starting compound for a central reductive pathway for aromatic ring degradation. The structural genes required for the conversion of 4-hydroxybenzoate (4-HBA) to benzoyl-CoA by Rhodopseudomonas palustris have been identified. Here we describe a regulatory...

epistemologically speaking, second language acquisition research (slar) might be reconsidered from a complex dynamical system view with interconnected aspects in the ecosystem of language acquisition. the present paper attempts to introduce the tenets of complex system theory and its application in slar. it has been suggested that the present dominant traditions in language acquisition research...

In this study, aged (iron oxide coated) Fe(0) was applied to the degradation of trichloroethylene (TCE) in seawater. It was found that while the aged Fe(0) was inactive with regard to TCE degradation in Milli-Q water, more than 95% of the TCE present was degraded in real and synthetic seawater solutions after exposure to aged Fe(0) for 21 days. Results with individual salts from the synthetic s...

The theorem of Hochster and Roberts says that for any module V of a linearly reductive group G over a eld K the invariant ring KV ] G is Cohen-Macaulay. We prove the following converse: if G is a reductive group and KV ] G is Cohen-Macaulay for any module V , then G is linearly reductive.

Lusztig has given a construction of certain representations of reductive groups over finite local principal ideal rings of characteristic p, extending the construction of Deligne and Lusztig of representations of reductive groups over finite fields. We generalize Lusztig’s results to reductive groups over arbitrary finite local rings. This generalization uses the Greenberg functor and the theor...

Abstract Various 1‐(1‐hydroxyalkyl) paraconyl alcohols are important signaling molecules within antibiotics production in Streptomyces sp. Intending developing a flexible convergent chemical synthesis of such butanolides, zwitterionic aza‐Claisen rearrangement was chosen as reliable strategy generating the central stereotriad. Reaction enantiopure N ‐allyl pyrrolidines and 4‐phenylbutenoic acid...

Reductive Claisen rearrangement of 1-allyloxy-8-methoxy-9, 10-anthraquinone followed by demethylation and reduction, and of 1,8-bisallyloxy-9,lO-anthraquinone followed by reduction provides regiospecific syntheses of 2-propyl- and 2,7-dipropyl anthralin

The denitrifying bacterium Azoarcus anaerobius LuFRes1 grows anaerobically with resorcinol (1,3-dihydroxybenzene) as the sole source of carbon and energy. The anaerobic degradation of this compound was investigated in cell extracts. Resorcinol reductase, the key enzyme for resorcinol catabolism in fermenting bacteria, was not present in this organism. Instead, resorcinol was hydroxylated to hyd...

To define the abundance and comprehend the reactivity of dibenzodioxocins in lignin, model compound studies, specific degradation experiments on milled wood lignin, and molecular modeling calculations have been performed. Quantitative (31)P NMR measurements of the increase of biphenolic hydroxyl groups formed after a series of alkaline degradations in the presence of hydrosulfide anions (kraft ...

Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) has been used extensively against agricultural pests and in public health programs for the control of mosquitoes. Commercial formulations of HCH consist of a mixture of four isomers, alpha, beta, gamma, and delta. While all these isomers pose serious environmental problems, beta-HCH is more problematic due to its longer persistence in the environment. We have studied...