Traditionally science is done using the reductionism paradigm. Artificial intelligence does not make an exception and it follows the same strategy. At the same time, network science tries to study complex systems as a whole. This Ph.D. research takes an alternative approach to the reductionism strategy, and tries to advance both fields, i.e. artificial intelligence and network science, by searc...

Michael Esfeld & Christian Sachse University of Lausanne, Department of Philosophy CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland [email protected], [email protected] published in International Studies in the Philosophy of Science 21 (2007), pp. 1–17 Abstract The paper sets out a new strategy for theory reduction by means of functional sub-types. This strategy is intended to get around the m...

Abstract Part II responds to some of my critics' substantive concerns about QMASS . However, sharpen that discussion I first introduce the idea classical and quantum physical instantiation tests or ‘PITs’. PITs are a thought experiment taking advantage causal closure physics. To encourage critical self-reflection on usually tacit ontological assumptions our theories, invite social scientists tr...

In this paper we refine consideration of the topic of ‘sustainability’ through an analysis of its ontological and epistemological assumptions. The concepts of ‘Strong’ and ‘Weak’ sustainability are defined, compared and contrasted in terms of their respective emphases on Complexity and Humanism, and on Reductionism and Rationalism. A model for assessment of these emphases is presented. It is su...

the present research has been done in response to one question: which approach can help reducing female poverty in region 18 tehran and thus achieving urban sustainable development index? moreover, basis on hypothesis: female job empowering project can effect on economic anti-poverty trend and therefore urban sustainable development. we referred and studied theories related to subject (such as:...

The subject of this research is the history concept "Latin captivity" since its articulation among senior Slavophiles and namely Y. F. Samarin to modern version Archpriest G. Florovsky Priest V. Zenkovsky, as well om context on Russian religious philosophy. Although very has become fundamental for assessing interaction theology philosophy in thought, it being increasingly criticized due explici...

Theories of emergence have had a longstanding influence on psychological thought. Emergentism rejects both reductionism and holism; emergentists are scientific materialists, and yet argue that reductionist explanation may not always be scientifically feasible. I begin by summarizing the history of emergence in psychology and sociology, from the mid-19th century through the mid-20th century. I t...

Stochastic Approach to Vehicle Routing Problem: Development and Theories Abstract In this article, a chance constrained (CCP) formulation of the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) is proposed. The reality is that once we convert some special form of probabilistic constraint into their equivalent deterministic form then a nonlinear constraint generates. Knowing that reliable computer software...

Reductionism is the idea that all of the complex and apparently disparate things we observe in the world can be explained in terms of universal principles governing their common ultimate constituents: that physics is the theory of everything. Antireductionism comes in two varieties: epistemological and ontological. Epistemological antireductionism holds that, given our finite mental capacities,...