Most of the CO2 emissions are the product of heat generated by computer and various peripheral. Reducing carbon emission is the main task to create environment friendly system devices. The concept of green computing has begun to spread in the past few years, gaining popularity. Besides the widespread sensitivity with ecological issues, such interest also seems from economic needs, since both en...

Renewable electricity generation systems are increasingly used as a means of reducing harmful emissions and also reducing operational costs, by comparison with the use of fossil fuels. However, renewable energy sources such as solar energy are characterised by a high degree of intermittence, sometimes unpredictable. This constraint leads to inability to meet the demand of a power system. Hybrid...

This paper estimates the welfare costs of the main medium-term options for significantly reducing U.S. energy-related carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, including carbon taxes and cap-and-trade systems applied economy-wide and to the power sector only, and an emissions rate standard for power generation. The key theme is that welfare costs depend importantly on how policies interact with distortio...

Continuing the Push for Cost Reductions The single most important issue in health care is eliminating unnecessary medical spending. Health costs have traditionally increased at 1% to 2% annually above the growth of the economy. Long-term financial security requires the growth in cost to slow to economic growth or less. With about one-third of medical spending estimated to be wasted, achieving l...

In the era of globalization and international trade, the production-based CO2 emissions accounting system, proposed by United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, can easily lead to a “carbon leakage” issue. Thus, the accounting of consumption-based carbon emissions and carbon emissions embodied in international trade has received considerable research attention. Nevertheless, resear...