This paper presents history-dependent scheduling, a new technique for reducing the search space in the verification of cryptographic protocols. This technique allows the detection of some “non-minimal” interleavings during a depth-first search, and was implemented in TRUST, our cryptographic protocol verifier. We give some experimental results showing that our method can greatly increase the ef...

The paper describes and improves on a Boolean neural network (NN) fan-in reduction algorithm, with a view to possible VLSI implementation of NNs using threshold gates (TGs). Constructive proofs are given for: (i) at least halving the size; (ii) reducing the depth from O(N) to O(logN). Lastly a fresh algorithm which reduces the size to polynomial is suggested.

The paper describes and improves on a Boolean neural network (NN) fan-in reduction algorithm, with a view to possible VLSI implementation of NNs using threshold gates (TGs). Constructive proofs are given for: (i) at least halving the size; (ii) reducing the depth from O(N) to O(logN). Lastly a fresh algorithm which reduces the size to polynomial is suggested.

Multi-sided platforms (MSPs), which bring together two or more interdependent groups of customers, have recently risen to economic and business prominence in many industries. This paper first lays out a simple micro-founded framework which aims to organize academic and managerial thinking about MSPs. It argues that any MSP performs one or both among two fundamental functions: reducing search co...

After oxygen, sulfate is the most important oxidant for the oxidation of organic matter in mangrove forest soils. As sulfate reducers are poor competitors for common electron donors, their relative success depends mostly on the surplus of carbon that is left by aerobic organisms due to oxygen depletion. We therefore hypothesized that sulfate-cycling in mangrove soils is influenced by the size o...

A chromatographic method was developed for simultaneous determination of Fe(III), Fe(II), Mn(II), and other transition metals. A high-performance polymer-coated silica-based cation exchange column was used for the separation of metals from hydrochloric acid-extracted environmental samples. After separation, the metals were mixed with PAR [4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol] and passed through a superco...

The influence of vocal fold geometry and stiffness on phonation onset was experimentally investigated using a body-cover physical model of the vocal folds. Results showed that a lower phonation threshold pressure and phonation onset frequency can be achieved by reducing body-layer or cover-layer stiffness, reducing medial surface thickness, or increasing cover-layer depth. Increasing body-layer...

Stereoscopic 3D (S3D) displays provide an additional sense of depth compared to non-stereoscopic displays by sending slightly different images to the two eyes. But conventional S3D displays do not reproduce all natural depth cues. In particular, focus cues are incorrect causing mismatches between accommodation and vergence: The eyes must accommodate to the display screen to create sharp retinal...

A quantitative framework was developed which estimates mercury methylation rates (MMR) in sediment cores based on measured sulfate reduction rates (SRR) and the community composition sulfate-reducing bacterial consortia. MMR and SRR as well as group-specific 16S rRNA concentrations (as quantified by probe signal) associated with sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) were measured in triplicate cores ...