The reporter gene for ß-galactosidase is frequently used to determine the efficiency of gene transfer in arteries. However, blood is often present in arterial explants and may compromise the results by the presence of hemoglobin. The light absorption of hemoglobin is similar to the absorption of several colorimetric products of the commonly used ß-galactosidase substrates, including onitropheny...

According to reducer/augmenter theory, augmenters are assumed to react to sensory stimuli with enhanced responsiveness, whereas reducers respond to the same stimuli with dampened responsiveness. Due to their generally understimulated condition, reducers are motivated to seek out stronger or more intense forms of sensory stimulation. When emotion is viewed as a source of stimulation, it becomes ...

A unique enzyme mechanism named a bio-scale engine was proposed for a nitric oxide reductase, cytochrome P450nor (P450nor). P450nor has some structural similarities with a combustion engine: the heme pocket, the heme and NADH correspond to a combustion chamber, a piston head, and a spark plug, respectively. Each putative step of this reaction occurred in the heme pocket was characterized using ...

Industrial robots are most often position controlled and insensitive to external forces. In many robotic applications, however, such as teleoperation, haptics for virtual reality, and collaborative robotics, a close cooperation between humans and robots is required. For such applications, force sensing and control capabilities are required for stable interactions with the operator and environme...

OBJECTIVE To study the prevalence and pattern of self-medication among adult males and females in Karachi, Pakistan. METHODS This cross-sectional community- based survey was carried out at five randomly selected towns of Karachi (Defence, Gulshan-e-Iqbal, North Nazimabad, Malir, Orangi town) over a period of 3 months (October, November & December 2012). A sample size of 500 adult cases (250 m...

Tetrachloroethene (PCE) dehalorespiration was investigated in a continuous coculture of the sulfate-reducing bacterium Desulfovibrio fructosivorans and the dehalorespiring Desulfitobacterium frappieri TCE1 at different sulfate concentrations and in the absence of sulfate. Fructose (2.5 mM) was the single electron donor, which could be used only by the sulfate reducer. With 2.5 mM sulfate, the d...