The immunophenotypation of circulating lymphocyte by flow cytometry is a fast and efficient modern quantitative method and has been also used to assess immune status in normal pregnancy and pregnancy complicated by infection or with placental abnormalities or with preeclamsia. Since the literature indicates controversy in the immune etiology of abortion and in the levels of circulating lymphocy...

BACKGROUND Spontaneous abortion is categorized as threatened, inevitable, incomplete, complete, or missed. Abortion can be further categorized as sporadic or recurrent. By definition, a missed abortion is an in utero death of the embryo or fetus before the 20th week of gestation with retained conception products. Missed abortions may also be referred to as blighted ovum or an anembryonic pregna...

Background: Our current knowledge of the epidemiology and the most common cause of infertility are limited and outdated in our geographic area. It is known that, one important cause of infertility is female factor. This study was done to investigate the incidence of female factor and the most common cause of female infertility in patients of Kermanshah infertility treatment center in Mo'ta...

Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite causing toxoplasmosis in animals and humans. Primary maternal infection with toxoplasmosis during pregnancy is frequently associated with transplacental transmission to the fetus. However it is not certain whether Toxoplasma infection can cause recurrent abortion. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between To...

BACKGROUND Approximately 10-14% of the clinically acknowledged pregnancies end with spontaneous abortion at Caucasian population. Possible immunologic causes of recurrent miscarriages have been extensively researched. The change in the cytokines balance synthesis in favor of those synthesized by Th2 cells with an increase of interleukin 6 (IL6) and interleukin10 (IL10) secretion is considered e...

Recurrent miscarriages are characterized as three or more spontaneous abortions in a row before the 20th week. In majority of instances, genetic factors, immunological and endocrine infection, unknown causes most common first trimester abortion. Hormonal therapy, heparin injection, immunotherapy available treatments. this case study, patient had during trimester. Because all tests came out norm...

The objective of this study was to establish whether or not patients with unexplained recurrent abortion have an increased incidence of haemostatic or metabolic abnormalities. Fifty-two patients with a history of unexplained habitual abortion (two or more spontaneous abortions before 16 weeks' gestation) were tested for protein S, protein C and antithrombin (AT) III deficiency, activated protei...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationships between unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) and single nucleotide polymorphisms tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) (-238 G/A, -308 G/A), interleukin (IL)-6 (-634 G/C) and IL-10 (-592 C/A) in the promoter region of 3 different interleukin (TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-10) genes. METHODS The study group comprised 65 women (mean age: 34.1+/...

background: recurrent spontaneous abortion (rsa) is defined as three or more se-quential abortions before the twentieth week of gestation. there are evidences to sup-port an allo-immunologic mechanism for rsa. one of the methods for treatment of rsa is leukocyte therapy; however there is still controversy about effectiveness of this method. objectives: to evaluate the effectiveness of leukocyte...

Chromosomal abnormality is the most common genetic cause of male infertility, particularly in cases of azoospermia, oligozoospermia, and recurrent spontaneous abortion. Chromosomal rearrangement may interrupt an important gene or exert position effects. The functionality of genes at specific breakpoints, perhaps with a specific role in spermatogenesis, may be altered by such rearrangements. Str...