The paper shows how the diffusive movement of ions through a channel protein can be described as a chemical reaction over an arbitrary shaped potential barrier. The result is simple and intuitive but without approximation beyond the electrodiffusion description of ion movement.

We introduce a model detector which registers the passage of a particle through the detector location, without substantially perturbing the particle wave function. (The exact time of passage is not determined in such measurements.) We then show that our detector can operate in a classically forbidden region and register particles passing through a certain point under a potential barrier. We sho...

Thin-plate V-notch weirs are commonly used as measuring devices in flumes and channels. Herein, the discharge calibration of a large 90o V-notch weir was performed using an unsteady volume per time technique. The weir overflow was initially shut. The sudden opening of the gate was associated with an initial phase of transient water motion associated with a negative wave propagating in the reser...

Hydrological changes affect not only the physicochemical factors and habitat structure of river ecosystems, but also biological communities sensitive to environmental changes, such as zooplankton. In this study, we investigate effects weir opening on variables topographic structures at Sejong Weir in South Korea monitor resulting distribution zooplankton community. led increased dissolved oxyge...

BACKGROUND Given the difficulties of using indirect calorimetry in many intensive care units, clinicians routinely employ predictive equations (the Harris-Benedict equation [HBE] and Schofield equation are commonly used) to estimate energy expenditure in critically ill patients. Some extrapolate CO(2) production (V CO(2)) and O(2) consumption (V O(2)) by the Weir derivation to estimate energy e...

A nonlinear multiobjective programming problem is considered. Weak, strong and strict converse duality theorems are established under generalized second order (F, α, ρ, d)-convexity for second order Mangasarian type and general Mond-Weir type vector duals.

The Objective of this study is to estimate the form drag due to vegetated weirlike obstacles. Head loss due to submerged vegetated dikes and groins has been modeled by expansion loss form drag model (Energy and momentum balance principles) and it has been compared with experimental data. An experimental study has been carried out on a scaled physical model in the Laboratory of Environmental Flu...

The packing of submicrometer sized silica beads inside a microchannel was enabled by a novel method which avoids the complication and limitations of generating a frit using conventional approaches and the restriction of flow using a submicrometer sized weir. A micrometer sized weir and two short columns of 5 μm and 800 nm silica beads packed in succession behind the weir together functioned as ...

A moment estimator of, the coancestry coefficient for alleles within a population, was described by Weir & Cockerham in 1984 (100) and is still widely cited. The estimate is used by population geneticists to characterize population structure, by ecologists to estimate migration rates, by animal breeders to describe genetic variation, and by forensic scientists to quantify the strength of matchi...