Soil pipes are common and important features of many catchments, particularly in semi-arid and humid areas, and can contribute a large proportion of runoff to river systems. They may also significantly influence catchment sediment and solute yield. However, there are often problems in finding and defining soil pipe networks which are located deep below the surface. Ground-penetrating radar (GPR...

Using single-electrode current-clamp and two-electrode voltage-clamp, different identified neurones of the leech (Hirudo medicinalis L.) were shown to hyperpolarize, or to exhibit outward currents (usually >2 nA), during bath application of the organic buffers Mops, Pipes and Mes (10 mmol l-1). Tris and Hepes had little or no effect on the membrane properties of neurones when they were added to...

In the present research, nonlinear vibration in a coupled system of Boron-Nitride nano-tube reinforced composite (BNNTRC) oil pipes is studied. Single-walled Boron-Nitride nano-tubes (SWBNNTs) are arranged in a longitudinal direction inside Poly-vinylidene fluoride (PVDF) matrix. Damping and shearing effects of surrounded medium are taken into account by visco-Pasternak model. Based on piezoele...

one of the important issues in hydraulic engineering is inspection of local scour depth around bridge pier. using piles is one of the ways for confronting local scour and erosion. in this study, the experiments were conducted in an 8m long, 0.5m deep and 0.25m wide flume. and the effectof using piles and number of them observed on the amount of scour in three different frude numbers. the shape ...

Capillary rise is a phenomenon that must be considered an inevitable factor when dealing with unsaturated gypseous soil. This study investigates the behavior of soil under capillary action, where different gypsum content and densities are experimentally tested in developed laboratory model consisting Transparent pipes 1 m long 0.05 diameter. All placed inside rectangular basin dimension (1500×5...

An experiment featuring waterhammer in viscoelastic pipes is presented in which the effects of pipe-wall viscoelasticity on waterhammer pressures are investigated. A large-scale pipeline apparatus made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) at Deltares, Delft, The Netherlands, has been used to carry out waterhammer experiments. Tests have been conducted in a reservoir-pipeline-valve system consisting of a...