context-dependent modeling is a well-known approach to increase modeling accuracy in continuous speech recognition. the most common way to implement this approach is via triphone modeling. nevertheless, the large number of such models results in several problems in model training, whilst the robust training of such models is often hardly obtained. one approach to solve this problem is via param...

A {it topological index} of a graph is a real number related to the graph; it does not depend on labeling or pictorial representation of a graph. In this paper, we present the upper bounds for the product version of reciprocal degree distance of the tensor product, join and strong product of two graphs in terms of other graph invariants including the Harary index and Zagreb indices.

Recently, Hua et al. defined a new topological index based on degrees and inverse of distances between all pairs of vertices. They named this new graph invariant as reciprocal degree distance as 1 { , } ( ) ( ( ) ( ))[ ( , )] RDD(G) = u v V G d u  d v d u v , where the d(u,v) denotes the distance between vertices u and v. In this paper, we compute this topological index for Grassmann graphs.

From the perspective of differential phase delay experienced by two counterpropagating optical fields, self-starting mode-locked fiber laser with a non-linear amplifying loop mirror (NALM) is theoretically studied. Although it generally believed that NALM shows saturable absorption effect on both continuous wave (CW) light and pulses, we find counter-intuitive fact cross-phase modulation (XPM) ...

The family farm is an important entity in the modern agricultural industrial chain. It of great significance to empirically study its operational performance improvement and sustainable development. This paper introduces symbiosis theory establish a system framework chain analyzes farms’ from view cooperation. We selected 552 planting farms China’s Xinjiang Production Construction Corps as samp...