Abstract We treat the problem of reasoning with ambiguous propositions. Even though ambiguity is obviously problematic for reasoning, it no less obvious that propositions entail other (both and unambiguous), are entailed by This article gives a formal analysis underlying mechanisms, both from an algebraic logical point view. The main result can be summarized as follows: sound (and complete) req...

Background: Ethical reasoning and critical thinking have an effective role in adapting to the environmental and educational conditions in students. Accordingly, identifying the factors affecting them is essential. By understanding this important issue, this study aims to investigate impact of education through infographic on ethical reasoning and critical thinking in heavenly gift lesson. Meth...

in the future, competitive advantages will be given to organisations that can extract valuable information from massive data and make better decisions. in most cases, this data comes from multiple sources. therefore, the challenge is to aggregate them into a common framework in order to make them meaningful and useful.this paper will first review the most important multi-criteria decision analy...

in a speech community, people utilize their communicative competence which they have acquired from their society as part of their distinctive sociolinguistic identity. they negotiate and share meanings, because they have commonsense knowledge about the world, and have universal practical reasoning. their commonsense knowledge is embodied in their language. thus, not only does social life depend...

as a generalization of the triple i method, the universal triple imethod is investigated from the viewpoints of both fuzzy reasoningand fuzzy controller. the universal triple i principle is putforward, which improves the previous triple i principle. then,unified form of universal triple i method is established based onthe (0,1)-implication or r-implication. moreover, the reversibilityproperty o...