Abstract Based on the existing fairing, 2D structure of fairing is improved. Through numerical simulation shape and height spoiler analysis comparison obtained data, with good vortex-induced vibration suppression designed. The results show that H = 6.5 mm’s semicircular 45° tail-angle middle line side has a effect suppressing vortex vibration.

A series of sled tests was performed to analyze the responses of an anthropomorphic test device (ATD), particularly neck forces, when rear-facing child restraint systems (CRS) are tethered. Nominally identical rear-facing CRS were tested in four tether conditions: untethered, tethered down to the floor, tethered down to the bottom of the vehicle seat, and tethered rearward to a point above the ...

Genetic parameters were estimated for mobility score and 16 linear type traits of Brown Swiss dairy cattle. Mobility is an overall assessment trait that measures a cow's ability to move, as well as the structure of her feet, pasterns, and legs. Scores from 50 to 99 were assigned by appraisers for the Brown Swiss Cattle Breeders' Association of the USA beginning in June 2007. Only scores made be...

We estimated the dependence of the perceived depth on luminance ratio by increasing the distance between the front and rear planes of a depth-fused 3-D (DFD) display. When the distance is great, the perceived depth has the tendency of nonlinear dependence on luminance ratio, which is very different from the almost linear dependence in a shortdistance conventional DFD display. In a long-distance...

An ultralight manual wheelchair that allows users to independently adjust rear seat height and backrest angle during normal everyday usage was recently commercialized. Prior research has been performed on wheelchair tilt, recline, and seat elevation use in the community, however no such research has been done on this new class of manual ultralight wheelchair with "on the fly" adjustments. The o...

OBJECT A rotated head posture at the time of vehicular rear impact has been correlated with a higher incidence and greater severity of chronic radicular symptoms than accidents occurring with the occupant facing forward. No studies have been conducted to quantify the dynamic changes in foramen dimensions during head-turned rear-impact collisions. The objectives of this study were to quantify th...

BACKGROUND Most studies of rear-seated occupants have focused on or included pediatric occupants which may not translate to adults. This study examines passenger, driver, vehicle and crash characteristics for rear-seated adult occupants involved in side crashes. METHODS The National Automotive Sampling System General Estimates System (NASS/GES) for calendar years 2011-2014 was used with accom...

Safe driving performance includes the successful detection and avoidance of an impending collision. Of all crash types, rear end collisions account for a high number of vehicle crashes. For example, data from the NHTSA 2003 General Estimates system indicated that rear-end crashes accounted for 28% of police reported crashes in the United States and is a rate higher than other types of high cras...

BACKGROUND CONTEXT Although there are some volunteer collision studies reporting the effects of rear impacts on head and neck kinematics, there are few studies detailing the cervical muscle electromyogram response. Moreover, the effect of a rear impact offset to the left on the resultant muscle responses is unknown. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine the response of the cervic...

Driver assistant systems enhance traffic safety and efficiency. The accurate 3D pose of a front vehicle can help a driver to make the right decision on the road. We propose a novel real‐time system to estimate the 3D pose of the front vehicle. This system consists of two parallel threads: vehicle rear tracking and mapping. The vehicle rear is first identified in the vid...