promise de port fort is an useful legal basic for justification many civil and commercial transactions. such as bank guaranties, insurance and guaranty of things it divides two legal relations, relation between parties if third party not ratify and relation with third party if she or he ratify that promise. unlike its appearance, it, is not violation the principle of relativity of contracts. be...

Complex real-time systems must integrate physical processes with digital control, human operation and organisational structures. New scientific foundations are required for specifying, designing and implementing these systems. One key challenge is to cope with the wide range of time scales and dynamics inherent in such systems. To exploit the unique properties of time, with the aim of producing...

A test input for an object-oriented program typically consists of a sequence of method calls that use the API defined by the program under test. Generating legal test inputs can be challenging because, for some programs, the set of legal method sequences is much smaller than the set of all possible sequences; without a formal specification of legal sequences, an input generator is bound to prod...