Crude oil is considered as a major resource of any developing country it may be either Oil importing or exporting countries. The present study examines the relationship between Exchange rate, and Stock market returns. analyse monthly observations from 1 st April 2003 to 31 March 2019 with help Co integration, Granger causality, Variance Decomposition. overall findings indicate significant effec...

Our results complement the recent ̄ndings of real exchange rates as stationary processes. The standard procedure of applying a battery of unit root tests can be problematic since the tests are sensitive to the speci ̄cs of the time series process. The novelty of the approach we apply is in emphasizing the information content of the data in distinguishing between the competing processes. Stationa...

housing market in iran got out of recession in year 1384 and turn into abnormal growth. but following the housing price growth, which continued until 1386, it deals with the slowdown of the housing market and stable prices in the spring of 1387. afterward, decreasing trend in housing prices continued in the summer, in spite of increase in global housing prices. in this paper, it is investigated...

regarding to important role of interest rate in adjusting and performing economic policies, in particular monetary policies, in recent decades too many efforts has been done for adjusting this variable as one of the most important key economic indicators. due to the noticeable impact of interest rate to solve or generate economic problems in some societies, reducing it to its optimal level is i...

A panel of ex-ante forecasts of a single time series is modeled as a dynamic factor model, where the conditional expectation is the single unobserved factor. When applied to out-of-sample forecasting, this leads to combination forecasts that are based on methods other than OLS. These methods perform well in a Monte Carlo experiment. These methods are evaluated empirically in a panel of simulate...

This paper develops a refinance model that provides pertinent information for investors about refinancing their mortgage. We discuss the input variables and how to compute the breakeven number of months when deciding to refinance a mortgage. We incorporate the interest rate tax effects that are normally ignored by investors when making their refinancing decision. We also compute the net present...

Using a database from post-communist, pre-deposit-insurance Russia, we demonstrate the presence of quantity-based sanctioning of weaker banks by both firms and households, particularly after the financial crisis of 1998. Evidence for the standard form of price discipline, however, is notably weak. Estimating the deposit supply function, we show that, particularly for poorly capitalized banks, i...

We implement novel tests of general relative purchasing power parity (PPP), defined as a long-run unit elasticity of the nominal exchange rate with respect to relative national prices, allowing for potentially permanent real exchange rate shocks. The finite-sample properties of the estimators used are analyzed through Monte Carlo analysis, allowing for country heterogeneity, cross-sectional dep...

This paper evaluates the welfare effects of a monetary union (MU), compared to a  oating exchange rate regime, using a quantitative business cycle model of a two-country world with sticky prices. It is assumed that, under a  oat, there are shocks to the uncovered interest rate parity (UIP) condition. These shocks are shown to have a negative effect on welfare—the detrimental effect is stronge...