the present study attempted to introduce shared reading as one of the most effective techniques in cultivating the learners’ reading and writing abilities. to this end, 50 homogenous students were assigned to the control and experimental groups following the administration of a standardized english proficiency test. thenceforth, based on writing and reading pretest scores of the learners on a g...

Background. The association between poorer academic outcomes and having antisocial friends is reliably demonstrated yet not well understood. Genetically sensitive designs uniquely allow for measuring the areas of genetic vulnerabilities and/or environmental risk in the association of antisocial friend behavior and poor school achievement, allowing for a better understanding of the nature of the...

The ability to detect fluctuation in students’ comprehension of text would be very useful for many intelligent tutoring systems. The obvious solution of inserting comprehension questions is limited in its application because it interrupts the flow of reading. To investigate whether we can detect comprehension fluctuations simply by observing the reading process itself, we developed a statistica...

In the present work we analyzed the pupil size behavior of 40 subjects while they read well-defined sentences with different contextual predictability (i.e., regular sentences and proverbs). In general, pupil size increased when reading regular sentences, but when readers realized that they were reading proverbs their pupils strongly increase until finishing proverbs' reading. Our results sugge...

this study seeks to examine how teachers’ educational background (those who have educated in tefl in comparison to those who have educated in literature) may influence their beliefs and attitudes on language learning, teaching and the teaching methods they apply in their classes. on a general basis, depending on teachers’ opinion, learning process might be seen as behavioristic, inductive, inte...

Some people may be laughing when looking at you reading in your spare time. Some may be admired of you. And some may want be like you who have reading hobby. What about your own feel? Have you felt right? Reading is a need and a hobby at once. This condition is the on that will make you feel that you must read. If you know are looking for the book enPDFd human behavior and the principle of leas...

Novice learners demonstrate marked difficulty in using reading-study systems to read academic textbooks. One notable problem is that the process and constructed knowledge is complex. Novice learners are required to exert considerable effort in applying the process and in remembering the knowledge, resulting in lower motivation and fewer cognitive resources for reading. This study develops an e-...

this study was an attempt to investigate whether teaching critical reading strategies had any significant effect on intermediate efl learners’ vocabulary retention. to fulfill the purpose of this study, 72 male and female students within the age range of 17 to 32 years studying at farzan and farzanegan language schools in tehran at intermediate level were selected from a total number of 114 par...

Abstract In line with the Matthew-effect in reading, reading comprehension and leisure time tend to be reciprocally related. Whereas prior research invested much efforts identification description of variables explaining individual differences comprehension, less were spend on exploration important for development reading. This study focuses family literacy activities preschool age – joint book...

This paper presents a framework for observable behavior that can be used as a basis for user modeling, and it reports the results of a pair of user studies that examine the joint utility of two specific behaviors. User models can be constructed by hand, or they can be learned automatically based on feedback provided by the user about the relevance of documents that they have examined. By observ...