objective: polymerase chain reaction (pcr) is one of the most important progress in the field of molecular biology and diagnosis. despite simplicity in concept, the reaction needs complex interaction between target sequence, primers, dntps and dna polymerase for a successful amplification and diagnosis. for the detection of rna viruses highly sensetive and specific technique is required. hence ...

We report a Lewis acid catalyzed reaction sequence involving a 1,2-shift and subsequent C-H insertion that gives monocyclic and fused bicyclic cyclopentenone products. This reaction sequence, which is initiated by treating β-hydroxy-α-diazo ketones with a Lewis acid, proceeds through vinyl cation intermediates that insert at non-activated gamma C-H bonds. This reaction represents an alternative...

Background: Escherichia coli is a commensal-pathogenic organism, which includes a wide range of strains. Despite several advanced molecular-genomic technologies for detecting and identifying different strains of E. coli, Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus Polymerase Chain Reaction (ERIC-PCR) technique is ...

Abstract We establish the existence of solutions to a class nonlinear stochastic differential equations reaction–diffusion type in an infinite-dimensional space, with diffusion corresponding given transition kernel. The solution obtained is scaling limit sequence interacting particle systems and satisfies martingale problem target equation.

Abstract A safe, three-step reaction sequence to [1,3]-dithiolo-[4,5-d][1,3-dithiole]-2,5-dione starting from carbon disulfide is presented. Optimized conditions, rigorous purification, and full characterization of all intermediates provide reproducibly a final product superior quality with melting point 181 °C (dec.).

We define a family of discrete Advection-reaction operators, denoted by Aaλ, which associate to a given scalar sequence s = {sn} the sequence given by Aaλ(s) ≡ {bn}, where bn = an−2sn−1 + λnsn for n = 1, 2, . . .. For Aaλ we explicitly find their iterates and study their convergence properties. Finally, we show the relationship between the family of discrete operators with the continuous one di...

Splicing of introns from mRNA precursors is a two-step reaction performed by the spliceosome, an immense cellular machine consisting of over 200 different proteins and five small RNAs (snRNAs). We previously demonstrated that fragments of two of these RNAs, U6 and U2, can catalyze by themselves a splicing-related reaction, involving one of the two substrates of the first step of splicing, the b...

F1-ATPase is a rotary motor protein driven by ATP hydrolysis. The rotary motion of F1-ATPase is tightly coupled to catalysis, in which the catalytic sites strictly obey the reaction sequences at the resolution of elementary reaction steps. This fine coordination of the reaction scheme is thought to be important to achieve extremely high chemomechanical coupling efficiency and reversibility, whi...