We investigate how stochastic reaction processes are affected by external perturbations. We describe an extension of the deterministic metabolic control analysis (MCA) to the stochastic regime. We introduce stochastic sensitivities for mean and covariance values of reactant concentrations and reaction fluxes and show that there exist MCA-like summation theorems among these sensitivities. The su...

Direct mineral carbonation has been investigated as a process to convert gaseous CO2 into a geologically stable, solid final form. The process utilizes a solution of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), sodium chloride (NaCl), and water, mixed with a mineral reactant, such as olivine (Mg2SiO4) or serpentine [Mg3Si2O5(OH)4]. Carbon dioxide is dissolved into this slurry, by diffusion through the surface ...

A simple case is considered in which the rate of a two-step reaction depends on pH because the intermediate formed in the first step has to gain (or lose) a proton before it can react in the second step, and in which the rate-determining step therefore changes with pH. The curves of reaction rate against pH are shown to be symmetrical, and the sharpest peak possible has a width at half its heig...

Submitted for the DFD11 Meeting of The American Physical Society Hydrodynamic instability induced by a precipitation reaction in a Hele-Shaw cell YUKI ISHII, YUICHIRO NAGATSU, Nagoya Institute of Technology, 466-8555, Japan, ANNE DE WIT, Nonlinear Physical Chemistry Unit, CP 231, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium — We experimentally demonstrate hydrodynamic fingering d...

The reaction of FeS2 (pyrite) with gaseous H2O, O2, and H2O/O2 was investigated using horizontal attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (HATR-FTIR). Spectra were interpreted with the aid of hybrid molecular orbital/density functional theory calculations of sulfate-iron hydroxide clusters. Reaction of pyrite in gaseous H2O led primarily to the formation of iron hydro...

The reduction of L-cystine in 0.1 mol dm 3 HCl at 298 K has been studied at mercury electrodes. Dropping mercury electrode (DME), static mercury drop electrode (SMDE) and hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE) modes were used with normal, sampled d.c. and differential pulse polarographic detection. The charge transfer kinetics for the irreversible reduction of L-cystine were complicated by react...

Catalytic partial oxidation (CPO) of methane to syngas has received considerably interest recently as a way to utilize remote natural gas resources. Despite this interest, the mechanism of methane CPO is not completely understood. For example, there is disagreement in the literature if syngas is formed directly from oxidation or whether an indirect mechanism is responsible. Investigation of the...

More than other analytical procedures, immunoassays have afforded a wealth of knowledge about biochemical physiology over the last 40 years. These assays have posed major analytical challenges, which most likely stem from the delicate balance between chemical equilibrium and our ever-increasing quest for speed of analysis, simplicity of procedure, and improved reliability. In attempts to enhanc...

The material in gamma globulin ("reactant") which reacts with rheumatoid sera in the F II precipitin and F II tanned sheep cell agglutination tests was concentrated by precipitation with sodium sulfate. The concentrated "reactant" appeared to consist of polydispersed molecular aggregates of gamma globulin with s(20) constants as high as 40, as well as the previously described inhomogeneous aggr...