BACKGROUND Antiretrovirals have substantial promise for HIV-1 prevention, either as antiretroviral treatment (ART) for HIV-1-infected persons to reduce infectiousness, or as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV-1-uninfected persons to reduce the possibility of infection with HIV-1. HIV-1 serodiscordant couples in long-term partnerships (one member is infected and the other is uninfected) are...

OBJECTIVE: To compare the value and effectiveness of different prioritization strategies of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in New York City (NYC). DESIGN: Mathematical modelling utilized as clinical trial is not feasible. METHODS: Using a model accounting for both sexual and parenteral transmission of HIV, we compare different prioritization strategies (PPS) for PrEP with two scenarios - n...

Sharing of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) medications is a concern for PrEP implementation. For HIV-1 serodiscordant couples, sharing may undermine the HIV-1 prevention benefit and also cause antiretroviral resistance if taken by HIV-1 infected partners. Within a PrEP efficacy trial among HIV-1 serodiscordant couples, we assessed the occurrence of PrEP sharing by self-report and plasma tenofov...

Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with tenofovir and emtricitabine has been shown to be effective and cost-effective in preventing acquisition of HIV infection. However, PrEP has not yet been widely adopted in the clinical practice setting. Data thus far, although imperfect, do not indicate an increase in risk behaviors in the setting of PrEP, although potential risk compensation outside of the cl...

INTRODUCTION To facilitate provision of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), a better understanding of potential demand and user preferences is required. This review assessed awareness and willingness to use oral PrEP among men who have sex with men (MSM) in LMIC. METHODS Electronic literature search of Cochrane library, Embase, PubMed, PsychINFO, CINHAL...

BACKGROUND Nigeria has the second highest number of new HIV infections annually. Therefore, it is important to explore new strategies for preventing new infections. The introduction of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for use by persons at high risk of HIV infection has new potential in preventing new HIV infections. The aim of this study is to explore the public opinion, community interest, and...

The development of, and globlal access to, effective antiretroviral medications revolutionized human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) care. In addition to their important life-saving treatment benefits, antiretrovirals have recently been demonstrated to be highly efficacious for HIV-1 prevention as well, when used as antiretroviral therapy (ART) to reduce the infectiousness of HIV-1–infect...

We conducted a meta-analysis to summarize rates of sexually transmitted infections among men who have sex with men (MSM) on pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV versus MSM not using PrEP. Incidence rate ratios showed that MSM using PrEP were 25.3 times more likely to acquire a Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection, 11.2 times more likely to acquire a Chlamydia trachomatis infection, and 44.6 times...

INTRODUCTION Identifying appropriate pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) candidates is a challenge in planning for the safe and effective roll-out of this strategy. We explored the use of a validated HIV risk screening tool, HIV Incidence Risk Index for Men who have Sex with Men (HIRI-MSM), to identify "optimal" candidates among MSM testing at a busy sexual health clinic's community testing sites i...

BACKGROUND Unexpected clinical deterioration before 34 weeks gestation is an undesired course in early-onset pre-eclampsia. To safely prolong preterm gestation, accurate and timely prediction of complications is required. METHOD Women with confirmed early onset pre-eclampsia were recruited from 53 maternity units in the UK to a large prospective cohort study (PREP-946) for development of prog...