Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous group of cells with potent immune suppressive activity in cancer and many other pathologic conditions. MDSCs consist of two major subsets: monocytic MDSCs (M-MDSCs) and polymorphonuclear MDSCs (PMN-MDSCs). Each subset of MDSCs is thought to be developed through the separate differentiation pathways. Here, we demonstrated that in a tum...

The feasible, reliable and selective multi-template molecularly imprinted polymers (MT17 MIPs) based on SBA-15 (SBA-15@MT-MIPs) for the selective separation and determination of the 18 trace level of ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1), ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) and notoginsenoside R1 (R1) (Panax 19 notoginseng saponins, PNS) from biological samples were developed. The polymers were 20 constructed by SBA-15 as s...

Betts et al (2011) reported that Rb1 inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) release by retinal pigment epithelial cells, which is a major source of VEGF in the eye (1). Vascular endothelial growth factor is a proangiogenic cytokine that contributes significantly to pathological retinal and choroidal neovascularization in association with diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular ...

In order to identify the spectrum of RB1 gene mutation in Chinese retinoblastoma (RB) patients, a total of 38 RB patients, including 15 bilateral cases and 23 unilateral cases were included in this study. DNA samples were extracted from patients’ peripheral blood and we performed PCR direct sequencing of the promoter and the 27 coding exons of the RB1 gene to screen RB1 mutation. In total, we i...

Background The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential protective effects of six ginsenosides (Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Rg1, and Rg3) isolated from Panax ginseng against tacrolimus (FK506)-induced apoptosis in renal proximal tubular LLC-PK1 cells. Methods LLC-PK1 cells were treated with FK506 and ginsenosides, and cell viability was measured. Protein expressions of mitogen-activated p...

BACKGROUND Deregulation of CDK4/6, cyclin D/P16 and retinoblastoma (Rb) are known aberrations in certain malignancies. There has been a recent interest in exploring the combination of letrozole and CDK4/6 inhibitors in recurrent ER+ ovarian cancers. METHODS This study aimed to determine the frequency of expression of Rb1, P16 and ER in ovarian epithelial tumors by immunohistochemistry. RESU...

Cerebral monoamines play important roles as neurotransmitters that are associated with various stressful stimuli. Some components such as ginsenosides (triterpenoidal glycosides derived from the Ginseng Radix) may interact with monoamine systems. The aim of this study was to determine whether ginsenoside Rb1 can modulate levels of the monoamines such as dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), dopamine (...