PURPOSE Small-animal studies require images with high spatial resolution and high contrast due to the small scale of the structures. X-ray imaging systems for small animals are often limited by the microfocus source. Here, the authors investigate the applicability of liquid-metal-jet x-ray sources for such high-resolution small-animal imaging, both in tomography based on absorption and in soft-...

Conventional x-ray computed tomography (CT) produces a single volumetric image that represents the spatially variant linear x-ray attenuation coefficient of an object. However, in many situations, differences in the x-ray attenuation properties of soft tissues are very small and difficult to measure in conventional x-ray imaging. In this work, we investigate an analyzer-based imaging method, ca...

3 For my daughter, Alyssa, and her future 4 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank God, for the gifts he has given me that allow me to walk this path and complete this journey. I am truly thankful for all the gifts He has given me. I need to thank my family, Missy and my daughter, Alyssa, for their patience, support and sacrifices they have made. I also need to thank my most active advisors Dr. ...

Recent developments in X-ray source technology provide new opportunities for both the rapid imaging of macromolecules in three dimensions, and the observation of short-lived structural intermediates in light-sensitive macromolecules. Pioneering time-resolved X-ray diffraction studies on macromolecules have laid the foundations for similar studies on increasingly complex macromolecular systems a...

An in-line method of phase contrast imaging is investigated using a polychromatic laboratorybased microfocus X-ray source. The effect of source size is considered, and by introducing water into the imaging path the influence of water on the phase contrast is determined. The results confirm that good phase contrast images can be achieved using a polychromatic laboratory-based X-ray source, and d...

One of the few remaining astronomical bands (factor of ∼10 in energy range) still without an all-sky imaging survey is the hard x-ray band (10-600 keV). This is in spite of sensitive imaging allsky surveys already conducted at soft x-ray (0.2-2 keV; ROSAT) and soft/hard γ-ray (∼750 keV 10 GeV; COMPTEL/EGRET) energies and imminent for medium x-ray energies (2-10 keV; ABRIXAS). A hard x-ray imagi...

The hard x-ray (10-600 keV) sky is inherently time variable and yet has neither been surveyed nor been monitored with a sensitive imaging telescope. The Energetic X-ray Imaging Survey Telescope (EXIST) is a mission concept, proposed for MIDEX, which would conduct the first imaging all-sky hard x-ray survey as well as provide a sensitive all sky monitor (ASM). With ∼60% sky coverage each orbit, ...

Medical imaging has a remarkable role in the practice of clinical medicine. This study intends to evaluate the knowledge of indications of five common medical imaging modalities and estimation of the imposed cost of their non-indicated requests among medical students who attend Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. We conducted across-sectional survey using a self-administered qu...

It is well-known that the edge effect produced by phase contrast imaging results in the edge enhancement of x-ray images and thereby sharpens those images. It has recently been reported that phase contrast imaging using practical x-ray tubes with small focal spots has improved image sharpness as observed in the phase contrast imaging with x-ray from synchrotron radiation or micro-focus x-ray tu...

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and progressive lung disease with a median life expectancy of 4-5 years after initial diagnosis. Early diagnosis and accurate monitoring of IPF are limited by a lack of sensitive imaging techniques that are able to visualize early fibrotic changes at the epithelial-mesenchymal interface. Here, we report a new x-ray imaging approach that directly ...