Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic and joint-related autoimmune disease, results in immune dysfunction and destruction of joints and cartilages. Small molecules and biological therapies have been applied in a wide variety of inflammatory disorders, but their utility as a therapeutic agent is limited by poor absorption, rapid metabolism, and serious side effects. To improve these limitations, ...

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that causes severe joint pain and eventually joint deformity. Recent large cohort studies and the rapid progression of genotyping platforms have enabled identification of more than 30 susceptibility genes for RA. HLA is the major genetic determinant for RA for which a shared epitope hypothesis (70th-74th amino acids of HLA-DRβ chain dete...

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) are immune-mediated conditions that share an inflammatory mechanism fuelled by excessive cytokines, particularly TNF. Control of inflammation and rapid suppression of cytokines are important in treating these diseases. With this understanding and the corresponding advent of TNF inhibitors, RA patients, AS patie...

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The cations and anions of the chiral title compound, C(5)H(14)N(2) (2+)·2Cl(-)·0.42H(2)O, are linked by N-H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds into chains propagating in [100], which contain R(4) (2)(14) loops.

A statistically significant association between periodontal disease (PD) and systemic diseases has been identified. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which is a chronic inflammatory joint disease, exhibits similar characteristics and pathogenesis to PD. The association between RA and PD has been investigated, and numerous publications on this subject exist. Approximately 20 bacterial species have been...

BACKGROUND Memory is a diverse biological phenomenon whose importance in the ventricle has been demonstrated. We hypothesized its occurrence in the atrium, contributing to the modulation of cardiac rhythm. METHODS AND RESULTS We analyzed P and Ta waves in conscious chronically instrumented dogs with complete heart block. Animals were atrioventricularly sequentially paced at 5% greater than th...

The human promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL60 differentiates to granulocytic cells when treated with retinoic acid (RA). In contrast, HL60/MRI, a cell line established from a transplantable HL60 tumor in nude mice, differentiates to monocytoid cells in response to RA (M. Imaizumi, J. Uozumi, and T. R. Breitman, Cancer Res., 47: 1434-1440, 1987). Because alterations of proto-oncogene expressio...