This paper proposes formulations and algorithms for design optimization under both aleatory (i.e., natural or physical variability) and epistemic uncertainty (i.e., imprecise probabilistic information), from the perspective of system robustness. The proposed formulations deal with epistemic uncertainty arising from both sparse and interval data without any assumption about the probability distr...

The Contextuality-by-Default approach to determining and measuring the (non)contextuality of a system random variables requires that every variable in be represented by an equivalent set dichotomous variables. In this paper we present general principles justify use dichotomizations determine their choice. main idea choosing is if possible values endowed with pre-topology (V-space), then allowab...