We consider how to improve railway timetables. As case we take the Rompnet of the dutch railways, a highly constrained problem, containing both hard and soft constraints. We show how to cast the constraints into the format of the Genocop system. Every train should run every hour at the same time and hence the constraints should be interpreted modulo sixty. This gives a non-convex search space o...

Signalling, a complex system is one of the most important infrastructures of railway service. The performance of railway signalling system depends on the functioning of a number of subsystems, such as panel, cable, relay, point and point machine, trackcircuit, signal, back indication, point-drive card, signal-drive card, and level crossing gate. Railway signalling system plays an important role...

Recently, the railway system is advancing to be intelligent according to the development of computer technology, and especially, many functions of train control system which are cores to the railway system are being operated by the software. Accordingly, the source code testing to validate safety of the railway train control system software becomes to be more important, and related internationa...

BACKGROUND Streetcar or train tracks in urban areas are difficult for bicyclists to negotiate and are a cause of crashes and injuries. This study used mixed methods to identify measures to prevent such crashes, by examining track-related crashes that resulted in injuries to cyclists, and obtaining information from the local transit agency and bike shops. METHODS We compared personal, trip, an...

In today’s business world whose characteristics include limited financial resources it is critical to identify and monitor where and how these resources need to be invested in the company. The Master Budget represents a plan of action which specifies how financial resources will be acquired and invested during a particular time period. Activity-Based Budgeting (ABB) is a budgeting approach that...

Most railway accidents happen at railway crossings. Therefore, how to detect humans or objects present in the risk area of a railway crossing and thus prevent accidents are important tasks. In this paper, three strategies are used to detect the risk area of a railway crossing: (1) we use a terrain drop compensation (TDC) technique to solve the problem of the concavity of railway crossings; (2) ...

With the high speed railway speed increasing and driving distance shortening in China, the time conformity of subsystems of railway is becoming more significant to railway traffic safety. The railway time synchronization network (RTSN), the medium carrying and broadcasting time information, is responsible to convey the information of internal clock of railway and its function poses direct influ...

A major problem addressed in railway network planning relates to distinguishing the role of the railway line in the network, and making a reasonable classification of the lines based on their role. Accessibility has been widely used to measure the role of transportation infrastructure in various studies, but few quantitative models for the classification of the role have been presented yet. In ...

For historical reasons, the frequency of Electric Railway Power System (ERPS) in central European countries (e.g., Switzerland, Germany and Austria) is different from the frequency of the public power grid. To feed such a low frequency (i.e., 16.7 Hz) system, Electric Railway Companies (ERCs) operate their own low frequency generators. Moreover, ERPSs are connected to the public power grids thr...

Railway suicide is a significant public health problem. In addition to the loss of lives, these suicides occur in public space, causing traumatization among train drivers and passengers, and significant public transport delays. Prevention efforts depend upon accurate knowledge of clustering phenomena across the railway network, and spatial risk factors. Factors such as proximity to psychiatric ...