Visible Light Communication (VLC) is an embryonic form of wireless communication. Visible light communication uses light waves instead of radio waves for data transmission. Visible light communication provides higher capacity, greater efficiency, better security and availability than radio frequency communication. Light Emitting diodes (LEDs) are used as transmitters as they are more cost effec...

From the time when man first saw the sunlight until very recently, the light which he has used has come dominantly from spontaneous emission, like the random emission of incandescent sources. So have most other types of electromagnetic radiation-infrared, ultraviolet, or gamma rays. The maximum radiation intensities, or specifically the power radiated per unit area per unit solid angle per unit...

The process that produces electromagnetic wave harmonics and heterodynes are assumed to be well understood. The textbook definitions of these terms are being tagged herein as cargo cult science because they are incomplete. The effects these term describe occur when electromagnetic waves, singularly or in combination, interact within a non-linear medium. The textbook descriptions of these terms ...

This paper reviews the physical fundamentals and engineering implementations for efficient information exchange via wireless communication using physical waves as the carrier among nodes in an underwater sensor network. The physical waves under discussion include sound, radio, and light. We first present the fundamental physics of different waves; then we discuss and compare the pros and cons f...

Heliospheric (HSP) radio emission detected by the Voyager spacecraft between 1.8 kHz and 3.6 kHz from the distant heliosphere is interpreted as emission generated close to and at the heliopause (HP), the interface between the ionised very local interstellar (LIC) gas and the supersonic solar wind (SW) stream. Radio emission is assumed to be triggered by secondary charge exchange ionisation of i...

When there are bigger obstacles in the indoor environment such as elevator, the radio waves basically can not penetrate it. The contribution of received signal strength by transmission and reflection will be greatly reduced, and most of the time, the radio waves will reach the user by bypass diffraction. Therefore, the traditional path loss model is no longer applicable, and the improved model ...

This paper follows up on the idea of using potential fields for automatic construction of massive objects of desired shape in Space. In STAIF03, we showed the commonality between the theories for acoustic and optical positioning/shaping methods. Using this theoretical framework, we developed a simple engineering estimation scheme to predict the acceleration per unit intensity. The radiation pre...

18. Miller DD, Johnston DL, Dragotakes D, Newell JB, Aretz T, Kantor HL, Brady TJ, Okada RD. Effect of hyperosmotic mannitol on magnetic resonance relaxation parameters in reperfused canine myocardial infarction. Magn Reson Imaging. 1989;7:79–88. 19. Schulz-Menger J, Gross M, Messroghli D, Uhlich F, Dietz R, Friedrich MG. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance of acute myocardial infarction at a ver...