A small 3-Dimensional (3-D) multi-band antenna of “F” shape is proposed for portable phones’ applications. The designed configuration of the proposed antenna is different from traditional Planar Inverted-F Antenna (PIFA) radiators. The proposed antenna has the good characteristics of wide band. The ratio of impedance bandwidth to the central frequencies 2.5 and 5.1GHz is 28.6% and 9%, respectiv...

Principle, control theory, and application of the ESPAR (Electrically Steerable Parasitic Array Radiator) antenna are introduced. A typical ESPAR antenna consists of monopole or dipole elements, one of which is the radiator (fed element) and the others are the parasitic radiators with variable reactance devices loaded on them. It can provide a lower-cost solution as an adaptive array antenna or...

w w w . i j e c t . o r g InternatIonal Journal of electronIcs & communIcatIon technology 71 Abstract One of the advantages of microstrip patches over conventional antennas is their small size. However, there are many present day applications where even these small radiators are too large. A microstrip antenna incorporated with a single shorting pin is found to provide reduction in overall area...

Electricity-driven thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs), e.g., air conditioners (ACs), have been widely utilized in demand response (DR) to provide operating reserve for power systems. However, the rebound effects may occur during recovery process of DR, which can limit quality ACs or even affect reliable operation With community-level smart energy hubs (EH), traditional electricity-driven ...

This paper studies the heating load and thermal comfort distribution in a typical office with a mixed radiant and convective heating system for two different locations of radiant heat sources. Accurately estimating the heating load in a mixed heating space requires careful consideration of the energy balance on each room surface and the comfort level in the space. A pure radiant heating system ...