This paper summarizes the evidence of the ultraviolet properties of dust grains found in starburst galaxies. Observations of starburst galaxies clearly show that the 2175 Å feature is weak or absent. This can be the result of radiative transfer effects (mixing the dust and stars) or due to dust grains which do not have this feature. Spherical DIRTY radiative transfer models imply that it is not...

FUNDAMENTALS Part I of our book lays the physical and conceptual foundations of hydrologic optics, the quantitative study of the interactions of light with the earth's oceans, estuaries, lakes, rivers and other water bodies. Radiative transfer theory is the physical and mathematical framework for hydrologic optics. Chapter 1 begins with a few comments upon the nature of light itself and upon th...

We study a complete and distance-limited sample of 25 LINERs, 21 of which have been imaged with the Hubble Space Telescope to study their physical properties and to compare their radio and optical properties with those of other samples of local AGNs, namely Seyfert galaxies and low-luminosity radio galaxies (LLRG). Our results show that the LINERs population is not homogeneous, as there are two...

Radiative properties of spherical heterogeneous particles consisting of threedimensionally ordered macroporous (3DOM) cerium dioxide (ceria) are numerically predicted in the spectral range 0.3–10μm. The particles are 1μm in diameter, with interconnected pores of diameter 330 nm and a face-centered cubic lattice arrangement. Predictions are obtained by solving macroscopic Maxwell’s equations usi...

Characterization of aerosol optical properties, such as aerosol optical depth, Angstrom exponent, and volume size distribution at the semiarid site of Tombstone Arizona (31823VN, 110805VW, 1408 m) will be presented for one annual cycle. In this region, extensive observations of selected optical parameters such as aerosol optical depth (AOD) have been made in the past and reported on in the lite...

We study a complete and distance-limited sample of 25 LINERs, 21 of which have been imaged with the Hubble Space Telescope. In nine objects we detect an unresolved nucleus. In order to study their physical properties, we compare the radio and optical properties of the nuclei of LINERs with those of other samples of local AGNs, namely Seyfert galaxies and low-luminosity radio galaxies (LLRG). Ou...

Clouds strongly modulate the surface energy budget over the Arctic ice pack. In autumn, as the amount of insolation rapidly decreases, their main influence is felt through enhancing the emissivity of the cold dry atmosphere. During autumn, low clouds are present over the arctic ice pack nearly 60% of the time. In addition, ice clouds, which are not included in this statistic, become increasingl...

Cirrus clouds in tropical regions are often located high in the cold upper troposphere and have low optical depths. In addition, tropical cirrus often extend in large sheets up to 1000 km horizontally, which may have a large influence on the energy budget of the atmosphere. Characterizing the location and radiative properties of cirrus clouds is an important step in understanding the processes ...

this work presents a numerical study to investigate the heat transfer characteristics of a 2-d rectangular composite porous radiant burner (cprb). in the construction of porous burner, the porous layer is considered to be of composite type consisting of upstream and downstream layers with equal thickness but with different physical and radiative properties. in the present work, a two dimensiona...